{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:00:22Z","timestamp":1791874822787,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite extensive efforts and advances in developing and fostering evidence\u2010based delirium prevention interventions, the incidence of delirium remains high in hospitalized patients. Evidence suggests that sensory stimulation is a core component in interventions to prevent delirium among critically ill patients. However, its impact on the occurrence and outcomes of delirium is poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effects of a sensory stimulation intervention on preventing delirium in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, assessor\u2010blind, parallel\u2010group randomized controlled trial. Adult patients were recruited from a surgical ICU of one tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. Participants in the intervention group received a daily 30\u2010min auditory and visual stimulation session for a week, taking into consideration the participants' predefined condition and intervention protocol. The primary outcomes were delirium incidence and delirium\u2010free days, and the secondary outcomes were delirium duration, severity and the first occurrence of delirium. Demographic and clinical data were collected at recruitment, and delirium was assessed three times a day for seven consecutive days using Confusion Assessment\u2010ICU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and fifty\u2010two participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. For primary outcomes, there were fewer patients with delirium in the intervention group than in the control group (10 vs. 19, risk ratio\u2009=\u20090.53), although statistical significance was not reached. The result showed that there were longer delirium\u2010free days among participants in the intervention group than in the control group (3.66 vs. 2.84, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.019). For secondary outcomes, the intervention could significantly reduce delirium duration (1.70\u2009\u00b1\u20090.82 vs. 4.53\u2009\u00b1\u20092.74\u2009days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004) and delirium severity (3.70\u2009\u00b1\u20091.25 vs. 5.68\u2009\u00b1\u20091.57, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002). The Kaplan\u2013Meier curve showed the intervention group had a significantly delayed first occurrence of delirium compared with the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.043).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study did not provide significant evidence to support that sensory stimulation could reduce the incidence of delirium, but significant difference on delirium\u2010free days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence\u2010based practice for clinical healthcare providers to adopt the sensory stimulation protocol to prevent delirium, significantly reducing delirium duration and severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T11:43:10Z","timestamp":1681472590000},"page":"709-717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effects of a sensory stimulation intervention for preventing delirium in a surgical intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Surui","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Administrative Building  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Esther Lee Building, Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janita Pak Chun","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esther Lee Building, Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne Hoi Shan","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esther Lee Building, Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Chow","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esther Lee Building, Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Administrative Building  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019\u2010013\u20109529\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_583_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12526"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Construction and application of postoperative delirium risk prediction model","volume":"54","author":"Xing HM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese J Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003482"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0522OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0886-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2020.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rodrigues Fernandes V: multiprofessional care for delirium patients in intensive care: integrative review","volume":"39","author":"Lemos S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Gauch Enferm"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12597"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"1026","article-title":"A reorientation strategy for reducing delirium in the critically ill. 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