{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:52:52Z","timestamp":1773100372786,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health care workers, who worked intensively during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, faced some problems, including skin problems, due to the personal protective equipment (PPE) they used to control the spread of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to identify the skin problems because of using PPE by nurses during the delivery of health care in three COVID\u201019 intensive care units (ICUs) within one hospital service.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was designed as a cross\u2010sectional survey. The study was conducted with nurses working in three intensive care units in the metropolitan districts of Ankara, Turkey. The data were collected online with a questionnaire developed by the researchers between December 2021 and June 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 82\/120 (68.33%) nurses responded to the questionnaire at least once during the distribution period. The mean of the duration of PPE utilization per each time including goggles, N95 mask, bonnet, face\u2010shield, gloves, boots\/shoe covers and coverall was 3.76\u2009\u00b1\u20091.36\u2009h. The proportion of nurses who experienced any skin problem related to any PPE at least two or more was 74\/82 (90.24%). The proportion of pressure sores, acne, skin reaction including allergic dermatitis or contact urticaria, and regional pain varied between 4.9% and 79.3%. The proportion of nurses who applied any protective application to prevent skin problems was 53.66%. Among the protective applications, pressure\u2010reducing surfaces were used the most. The use of protective applications for goggles (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.010), bonnet (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.000) and face shield (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.000) effectively reduced PPE\u2010related skin problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the pandemic, nurses faced a wide variety of skin problems because of PPEs. It may be beneficial to design a study programme that reduces the duration of PPEs use in clinics. In addition, there is a need for effective protective applications to prevent skin problems and new development of PPE that do not cause skin problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the pandemic, skin problems have developed because of the use of PPE in nurses who provide health care, intensively. These problems, which were not seen as a priority in the pandemic, may adversely affect the health of nurses, their performance in the treatment and care process and their work quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:55:45Z","timestamp":1690426545000},"page":"985-995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Skin problems associated with using of personal protective equipment in<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 intensive care units"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Altin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Diseases Intensive Care Unit Ankara University Faculty of Medicine \u0130bni Sina Hospital Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0513-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Akbiyik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Fundamental of Nursing Izmir Katip \u00c7elebi University \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36516\/jocass.2021.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2021178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/amj.2020.09825"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23713"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_32_22","article-title":"Prevalence of physical and psychological impacts of wearing personal protective equipment on health care workers during COVID\u201019: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"26","author":"Radha K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13534"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/wmp.2020.10.1216"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","article-title":"Difficulties encountered while using PPE kits and how to overcome them: An Indian perspective","volume":"12","author":"Agarwal A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2020-0670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18083861"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_687_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2021.1902340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JD9.0000000000000085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adverse skin reactions to personal protective equipment during COVID\u201019 pandemic in Italian health care workers","author":"Proietti I","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720966167"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"NPIAP Position Statements on Preventing Injury with N95 Masks","author":"National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Management of Skin Damage Related to Personal Protective. 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