{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:18:56Z","timestamp":1787897936554,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing may reduce central line\u2010associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in critically ill patients, but evidence remains inconclusive, particularly regarding long\u2010term effects and varying frequencies of use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association between different CHG bathing frequencies and CLABSI rates in medical intensive care units (MICUs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted in three MICUs in northern Taiwan from March 2018 to June 2022. One MICU implemented daily CHG bathing for 21\u2009months, followed by every\u2010other\u2010day CHG bathing for 30\u2009months, while two MICUs used water and soap as standard care. CLABSI rates per 1000 central line days and other clinical outcomes were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across 46\u2009409 central line days and 5482 admissions, 357 CLABSI events were recorded. No significant difference in CLABSI rates was found between the CHG and standard care groups (IRR\u2009=\u20091.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.36) or between the different CHG bathing frequencies (IRR\u2009=\u20090.68,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06). Other clinical outcomes showed no significant differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CHG bathing, whether daily or alternate\u2010day, was not significantly associated with lowering CLABSI rates in MICU. The association may vary depending on hospital\u2010specific conditions and infection profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CHG bathing should not be regarded as a universal infection control strategy in ICUs. It should be evaluated within the context of each ICU's specific conditions and infection prevention strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1746507894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long\u2010Term Effects of Daily Versus Alternate\u2010Day Chlorhexidine Bathing on Central\u2010Line\u2010Associated Blood Stream Infection in Medical Intensive Care Units: A Four\u2010Year Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4069-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao\u2010Yun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Biomedical Park Hospital  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Ji","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection Control National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao\u2010Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiao\u2010Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao\u2010Yu","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee\u2010Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection Control National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8239-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Chun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Haddadin Y.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/676533"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3521-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","article-title":"Chlorhexidine Bathing of the Critically Ill for the Prevention of Hospital\u2010Acquired Infection","volume":"8","author":"Lewis S. 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