{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:21:22Z","timestamp":1781940082890,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this article was to discuss the ethical issues relevant to inviting family members to witness brainstem testing in the intensive care unit (ICU). To highlight these issues, we begin by discussing a hypothetical clinical case of a patient admitted to the ICU following an out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest. A brief review of the literature on current practice will be presented, followed by a balanced discussion on the practice of permitting relatives to witness brainstem testing under the ethical principles of beneficence, non\u2010maleficence, autonomy and justice. Finally, we will present a discussion on international recommendations surrounding this practice as well as a proposed research agenda to further understand the risks and benefits of family members witnessing brainstem testing. We conclude that offering family members the opportunity to witness brainstem tests in the ICU may support them in understanding the term brain death and might contribute to their closure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:45:07Z","timestamp":1758087907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Presence of Family Members During Brainstem Testing: An Ethical Dilemma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie L.","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierce","family":"Geoghegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8087-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos","family":"Latour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health University of Plymouth  Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Gaffney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard F.","family":"Curley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.15898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Depassed Coma (Preliminary Memoir)","volume":"101","author":"Mollaret P.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196903000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560\u2010022\u201000609\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Diagnosis of Brain Death in Adults: Guidelines","author":"Intensive Care Society of Ireland (ICSI)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940\u2010020\u20100618\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0024363919874957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2003.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2005.04297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010011\u20109636\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7275.1505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Statement on Death and Organ Donation","author":"The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630\u2010023\u201002431\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Academy of Medical Royal Colleges \u201cA Code of Practice for the Diagnosis and Confirmation of Death: 2025 Update \u201daccessed July 17 2025 https:\/\/www.aomrc.org.uk\/2025\u2010code\u2010of\u2010practice\u2010for\u2010the\u2010diagnosis\u2010and\u2010confirmation\u2010of\u2010death\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/175114370901000414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Beauchamp T. 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