{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:23:51Z","timestamp":1793035431161,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pressure injuries are a major concern in intensive care units (ICUs), as critically ill patients are at high risk due to immobility and compromised health conditions. Accurate and reliable risk assessment tools, such as the Risk Assessment Pressure Injury Scale for the Intensive Care Unit (RAPS\u2010ICU), are essential for early detection and prevention of pressure injuries in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the Turkish validity and reliability of the RAPS\u2010ICU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a tool validation study conducted with 62 patients hospitalised in the ICU of a Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. The RAPS\u2010ICU was translated into Turkish, and its construct validity was evaluated using the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Further validation involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency, inter\u2010rater reliability, item\u2010total correlation, and test\u2013retest reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Kaiser\u2013Meyer\u2013Olkin (KMO) value for the scale was 0.804, indicating sample adequacy. All item discrimination values were above 0.20, with factor loadings between 0.35 and 0.90. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.825. Standard factor loadings ranged from 0.23 to 0.93, with root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)\u2009=\u20090.086, comparative fit index (CFI)\u2009=\u20090.98, normed fit index (NFI)\u2009=\u20090.94, goodness\u2010of\u2010fit index (GFI)\u2009=\u20090.93, and standardised root mean square residual (SRMR)\u2009=\u20090.061. The CVI was 0.88, and the CVR exceeded the criterion value. The test\u2013retest reliability coefficient was 0.933, and inter\u2010rater reliability ranged from 0.78 to 0.87.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Turkish version of the RAPS\u2010ICU demonstrated established validity and reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The validated Turkish version of the RAPS\u2010ICU provides a reliable and accurate tool for assessing pressure injury risk in intensive care settings. Its high reliability and validity support its use in clinical practice to enhance early detection and prevention strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes. By integrating the RAPS\u2010ICU into routine assessments, intensive care nurses can make more informed decisions regarding pressure injury prevention, optimising nursing care planning and patient safety in Turkish ICUs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T10:34:26Z","timestamp":1757759666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Turkish Reliability and Validity of the Intensive Care Unit Specific Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale (\n                    <scp>RAPS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>ICU<\/scp>\n                    ): A Tool Validation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sabahat","family":"G\u00f6nc\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit Hatay Education and Research Hospital  Hatay Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4773-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"Kir Bicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Hatay Mustafa Kemal University  Hatay Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","unstructured":"National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel \u201cNPIAP Pressure Injury Stages \u201dhttps:\/\/npiap.com\/page\/PressureInjuryStages."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-612X(91)90032-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2004.01058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12405"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011934"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Current Approaches in Different Surgical Fields","author":"Akman \u00d6.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25270\/wmp.2020.2.2433"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Suriadi and Sanada Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale","volume":"16","author":"Akman\u2010Mert \u00d6.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hem\u015firelikte Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Geli\u015ftirme Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","volume-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Health Statistics Yearbook 2020","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103265"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","unstructured":"European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance \u201cPrevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers\/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline \u201d2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Future of Pressure Ulcer Prevention Is Here: Detecting and Targeting Inflammation Early","volume":"19","author":"Gefen A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"EWMA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12891"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2023.32.Sup4.S22"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"An Analysis of Nursing Studies on Pressure Ulcer Between 2003\u20132020 in Turkey: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Ata K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Ankara Health Sciences"},{"issue":"32","key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"Fakt\u00f6r Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve \u00d6l\u00e7ek Geli\u015ftirmede Kullan\u0131m\u0131","volume":"32","author":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk Y. 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