{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:05:54Z","timestamp":1784167554801,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methicillin\u2010resistant staphylococci (MRS) pose a great health threat to hospital\u2010associated infections. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are known as sources, vectors and victims for MRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify non\u2010hand hygiene factors associated with the higher prevalence of MRS colonisation among ICU HCWs compared to those in non\u2010ICU settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Samples were collected from HCWs, patients and environment sites of a community hospital in Tianjin. 16s rRNA sequencing was used to identify the species of bacteria, and the disc diffusion method was used to explore the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of staphylococci. The\n                      <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene and SCC\n                      <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                      types were determined by PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred and eighty staphylococcal isolates were recovered and 186 isolates were identified as MRS. The prevalence of MRS carriage among HCWs, patients, and environmental dissemination in the ICU was significantly elevated compared to that in the non\u2010ICU setting (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). Moreover, HCWs of the ICU had a higher hand hygiene compliance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05) and rates of correct answers in comparison with non\u2010ICU HCW regarding the hand hygiene knowledge (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the MRS carriage among HCWs in the ICU was significantly higher than that of HCWs in the non\u2010ICU in the same hospital who followed the same hand hygiene rules. The high\u2010level MRS colonisation among patients and the transmission of MRS in the environment may be risk factors for the higher carriage level of MRS in HCWs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians should consider eradicating the environmental contamination of MRS and decolonisation of MRS in patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T13:29:41Z","timestamp":1767878981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Environmental Contamination and Carriage of Methicillin\u2010Resistant Staphylococci by Patients on the Hand Hygiene of Healthcare Workers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7236-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary Toxicology and Chemistry Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Xiqing Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary Toxicology and Chemistry Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulong","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary Toxicology and Chemistry Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0628-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary Toxicology and Chemistry Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040830"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy657"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70097-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00383-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003868"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198206000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650451"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Difference in Hand Hygiene Compliance in Intensive Care Units and General Wards","volume":"16","author":"Wang J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Investigation and Analysis of Hand Bacterial Carriage Among Hospital Staff in ICU and General Internal Medicine Wards","volume":"21","author":"Dai Y. 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