{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:27:27Z","timestamp":1792110447247,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/100\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/100\/46"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Burnout and compassion fatigue are prevalent among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and may undermine workforce stability and patient safety. This systematic review synthesises risk factors, protective variables and interventions associated with burnout and compassion fatigue in ICU nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesise evidence on predictors, protective factors and interventions influencing burnout and compassion fatigue among ICU nurses, with emphasis on workforce retention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020. Searches were performed from database inception to 7 November 2025 in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO, with supplementary hand\u2010searching and grey literature\/trial registry screening. Eligible studies included quantitative, qualitative and mixed\u2010methods research reporting burnout and\/or compassion fatigue outcomes in ICU nurses. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data; disagreements were resolved by consensus and third\u2010reviewer adjudication. Risk of bias\/quality appraisal was performed using design\u2010appropriate tools, and findings were synthesised narratively due to heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty studies were included. The included literature identified consistent occupational and organisational contributors to burnout, particularly emotional exhaustion, including high workload, staffing constraints, moral distress and suboptimal leadership or team support. Compassion fatigue\/secondary traumatic stress was associated with repeated exposure to suffering, traumatic clinical events and inadequate psychological support, while compassion satisfaction and supportive work environments showed protective associations. Intervention studies (e.g., resilience, mindfulness, structured support programmes) generally demonstrated reductions in burnout\u2010related outcomes, but intervention content, duration and outcome measures varied substantially.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the evidence supports a consistent association between ICU work stressors and burnout\/compassion fatigue, with moderate strength for organisational risk factors and low\u2010to\u2010moderate strength for intervention effectiveness due to heterogeneity and variable study quality. Future studies should use standardised definitions and outcome measures and strengthen experimental designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For critical care nurses, unit leaders should prioritise ICU\u2010specific structural prevention approaches including adequate nurse\u2010to\u2010patient staffing, workload and alarm\u2010burden management, protected breaks and psychologically safe team culture. Access to timely peer support, debriefing after traumatic events and end\u2010of\u2010life care, and leadership practices that reduce moral distress (e.g., shared decision\u2010making and ethics support) should be paired with evidence\u2010informed well\u2010being programmes tailored to the ICU context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:30:49Z","timestamp":1772764249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Burnout and Compassion Fatigue Among\n                    <scp>ICU<\/scp>\n                    Nurses: A Systematic Review of Predictors, Protective Factors and Workforce Retention Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8154-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa","family":"Badawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology, College of Education, King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah Anwar","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Shaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Nursing Department Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University  Cairo 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