{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:26:30Z","timestamp":1777865190997,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phlebitis is a frequent and clinically significant complication in critically ill patients receiving intravenous therapy. While mechanical and infectious causes are well recognised, the contribution of drug physicochemical properties remains underappreciated in vascular\u2010access decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this manuscript is to review the potential risk of phlebitis of commonly used drugs in the ICU according to a previously published algorithm and thus determine the prevalence of drugs with a high risk of phlebitis in order to choose the optimal vascular access that allows reducing the risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature review. We analysed the physicochemical properties (pH, osmolarity, concentration and anticipated duration of infusion) of frequently used drugs in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Data were extracted from technical datasheets and peer\u2010reviewed publications from PubMed and Google Scholar and classified using the Manrique\u2010Rodr\u00edguez phlebitis\u2010risk algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010one drugs were analysed. Overall, 32.7% of the drugs were classified as high phlebitis risk. Among these, 13.1% were according to osmolarity criteria (greater than 600\u2009mOsm\/L) and 19.6% due to extreme pH values (less than 4 or more than 9). Both situations require the use of central venous catheter (CVC) or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for its administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of drugs with a high risk of phlebitis in intensive care units is elevated. Drug physicochemical properties significantly influence the risk of phlebitis and should be incorporated into bedside vascular\u2010access selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides critical care nurses with a practical, pharmacology\u2010based framework to guide vascular\u2010access decisions, reduce phlebitis risk and optimise patient safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T05:25:03Z","timestamp":1770528303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choice of Vascular Access in Critically Ill Patients: Is It Time to Consider the Risk of Drug\u2010Induced Phlebitis?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Hospital de Quilpu\u00e9  Quilpu\u00e9 Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Hospital de Quilpu\u00e9  Quilpu\u00e9 Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Bruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Hospital de Quilpu\u00e9  Quilpu\u00e9 Chile"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valparaiso Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Hospital de Quilpu\u00e9  Quilpu\u00e9 Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Programa de Farmacolog\u00eda y Toxicolog\u00eda. 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