{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1789715019989,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication errors, particularly involving continuous infusions in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), pose significant risks to patient safety. This quality improvement initiative was prompted by a sentinel adverse event where a paediatric patient received a ketamine infusion at mg\/kg\/min instead of \u03bcg\/kg\/min, resulting in a dose over 1000 times higher than intended for over 16\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to evaluate a systems\u2010based solution to reduce continuous infusion errors, focusing on improving patient safety through a multidisciplinary approach, enhancing staff compliance and assessing satisfaction and perceived safety improvements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multidisciplinary team employed root cause analysis (RCA) and human factors engineering (HFE) principles to implement interventions, including procuring 150 smart infusion pumps with a customized drug library, aligning it with the EPIC electronic medical record (EMR) system, standardizing medication preparations and conducting extensive staff training. Implementation followed a Plan\u2010Do\u2010Check\u2010Act (PDCA) cycle, starting with a pilot and scaling to the full 25\u2010bed PICU. Following implementation, two minor incidents related to medication concentration changes occurred in October 2024. These were effectively addressed through reinforced education, the introduction of double\u2010checking policies and hands\u2010on simulation training. Since then, no further incidents have been reported from October 2024 to 1 January 2026. Outcomes were assessed using surveys conducted at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month post\u2010implementation, along with rounds by the shift in\u2010charge, biomedical engineering and nurse educator, and independent double\u2010checking at initiation of a new infusion, syringe replacements and shift endorsements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initiative achieved zero incidents from October 2024 to 1 January 2026, with compliance improving markedly. Surveys at 3 and 6\u2009months showed over 95% staff satisfaction and perceived safety improvements. The project expanded to the emergency department and five subspecialty wards, demonstrating scalability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention successfully minimized continuous infusion errors, fostering a high\u2010reliability culture committed to zero harm. To sustain these gains, we recommend ongoing education, adherence to double\u2010checking protocols and EMR enhancements. Future research should include multicentre evaluations and longer\u2010term monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scalable model demonstrates how smart pumps, EMR integration and multidisciplinary training can significantly reduce continuous infusion errors in PICUs, enhancing safety for vulnerable paediatric patients and providing a framework for adoption in other high\u2010risk settings like emergency departments and subspecialty wards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:51:47Z","timestamp":1775469107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Creating a Drug Library for Zero Continuous Infusion Errors in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7915-9594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabaan","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5609-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaima","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dubai Health  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3967-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihad","family":"Zahraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9508-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisham","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7445-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5170-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisham","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Bellouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9565-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reda","family":"Elsahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jalila Children's Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00856-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2006.019950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Evaluation of Intravenous Medication Errors With Smart Infusion Pumps in an Academic Medical Center","volume":"2013","author":"Ohashi K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2018-001624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-016-0369-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13010066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1875-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.07.003"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"54448","article-title":"Investigating the Causes of Medication Errors and Strategies to Prevention of Them From Nurses and Nursing Student Viewpoint","volume":"8","author":"Gorgich E. 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