{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:03:50Z","timestamp":1789715030879,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium is a preventable yet pervasive complication in intensive care units (ICUs) settings, disproportionately increasing patient morbidity and healthcare costs. While environmental disruptions (e.g., light\/noise) are modifiable risk factors, nurse\u2010delivered, non\u2010pharmacological strategies may be under\u2010implemented in routine practice despite guideline recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a simple, holistic nursing intervention\u2014eye masks and earplugs\u2014to mitigate delirium incidence in ICU patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomised controlled trial was conducted in the adult general intensive care unit of a public hospital in Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye, between May and September 2024. Patients were assigned to either an intervention group (nightly use of eye masks and earplugs together with a delirium prevention guide) or a control group (delirium prevention guide only). Delirium was assessed using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu\u2010DESC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 190 patients were randomised. Ten participants allocated to the intervention group did not receive the intervention because 9 were unwilling to continue and 1 became intubated. Consequently, 180 patients were analysed (90 per group). The intervention group showed a 62% lower incidence of delirium than the control group (7.8% vs. 20%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). In addition, delirium developed later in the intervention group (2.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79 vs. 1.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85\u2009days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and Nu\u2010DESC scores differed significantly between the groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nightly use of eye masks and earplugs was associated with lower delirium incidence and later onset in ICU patients when implemented alongside a NICE\u2010aligned delirium prevention guide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a scalable, non\u2010pharmacological approach, this intervention offers a feasible, low\u2010cost option that empowers nurses to lead delirium prevention through holistic, patient\u2010centred care. Further studies may help clarify generalisability across different ICU settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ID: NCT06403410\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1779452571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Nurse\u2010Led Approach to Preventing Delirium in the\n                    <scp>ICU<\/scp>\n                    : A Randomised Controlled Trial of\n                    <scp>NICE<\/scp>\n                    Guideline\u2010Based Sensory Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1819-4221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serpil","family":"Top\u00e7u","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, \u0130stinye University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melis","family":"\u015een Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biruni University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3845-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"K\u0131yma\u00e7 Sar\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fenerbah\u00e7e University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8284-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"\u00d6zdemir \u00dcrkmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Dr. Cemil Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu City Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zekeriya","family":"Ervatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Dr. Cemil Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu City Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Delirium: Prevention, Diagnosis and Management in Hospital and Long\u2010Term Care","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 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