{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:00:04Z","timestamp":1790060404099,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intensive care nurses are at high risk of fatigue and sleep disturbances due to irregular shift patterns and high levels of occupational stress. Although aromatherapy is increasingly used as a holistic intervention, evidence regarding its effects on fatigue and sleep quality among nurses remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a chamomile\u2013lavender essential oil blend and vetiver oil on fatigue and sleep quality in intensive care nurses experiencing fatigue and sleep disturbances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A randomised, placebo\u2010controlled, single\u2010blind mixed\u2010methods study was conducted in T\u00fcrkiye. Participants were assigned to the chamomile\u2013lavender, vetiver or placebo (jojoba oil) group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936 per group). Aromatherapy massage was administered once daily before bedtime for 4\u2009weeks. Fatigue and sleep quality were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Qualitative data were collected using semi\u2010structured interview forms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 108 nurses were randomly selected; 12 participants withdrew, and 96 completed the study. Post hoc power analysis demonstrated an effect size of\n                      <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.462 and statistical power of 0.984. Median VAS fatigue severity scores (minimum\u2013maximum) decreased from 7.5 to 2.0 in the chamomile\u2013lavender group, from 7.0 to 2.0 in the vetiver group and from 8.0 to 4.0 in the placebo group (pre\u2010test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.361; post\u2010test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PSQI scores decreased from 10.41 to 4.69, 10.91 to 4.63 and 10.78 to 6.84, respectively (pre\u2010test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.634; post\u2010test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PFS scores decreased from 5.98 to 2.94, 5.58 to 2.76 and 5.80 to 4.37, respectively (pre\u2010test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.616; post\u2010test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Total PFS scores demonstrated significant group and time effects (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.001). Likewise, PSQI scores improved significantly over time, with both a significant group effect (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and a highly significant time effect (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Qualitative findings indicated that nurses experienced greater relaxation, improved sleep initiation and reduced fatigue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aromatherapy using a chamomile\u2013lavender blend or vetiver oil may be an effective intervention for reducing fatigue and improving sleep quality among intensive care nurses. Future studies could utilise multicentre, double\u2010blind designs, longer follow\u2010up periods and objective sleep measures such as actigraphy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aromatherapy is a complementary and integrative therapy (CIT) intervention that has been associated with reductions in fatigue and improvements in sleep quality in previous studies. The findings of this study suggest that aromatherapy may represent a feasible and nonpharmacological strategy to support the well\u2010being of intensive care nurses. However, further high\u2010quality randomised controlled trials incorporating multicentre designs, long\u2010term follow\u2010up and objective outcome measures are required before aromatherapy can be recommended for routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      identifier: NCT06474793\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T08:32:37Z","timestamp":1787387557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Aromatherapy on Fatigue and Sleep Quality in Intensive Care Nurses: A Randomised Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma G\u00f6n\u00fcl","family":"Burkev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"Ta\u015fci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Erciyes University  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"\u00c7etinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2339-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Akta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Radiology Clinic  Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14284"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101358"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16184"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2020.102929"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S115326"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2021.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02693-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","volume-title":"Men and Women of the Corporation","author":"Kanter R. 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