{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:01:32Z","timestamp":1790060492180,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Management by walking around (MBWA) is a leadership practice in which head nurses maintain a visible presence in clinical settings, interact directly with nurses, promote open communication, observe workflow and foster a supportive work environment. These practices may contribute to building nurses' trust and encouraging them to speak up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the direct and indirect effects of head nurses\u2019 MBWA on nurses\u2019 voice behaviour with trust as a single mediating variable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional correlational design was employed using a convenience sample of nurses working in intensive care units at a tertiary university hospital in Tanta, Egypt. Data were collected using Head Nurses' Management by Walking Around Questionnaire, Nurses' Trust Questionnaire, and Nurses' Voice Behaviour Scale. Structural equation modelling with bootstrapping (5, 000 resamples) was used to test a single\u2010mediator model in which trust mediated the relationship between MBWA and nurses' voice behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MBWA was positively associated with trust (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.620,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and nurses' voice behaviour (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.468,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Trust significantly predicted voice behaviour (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.471,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The indirect effect of MBWA on voice behaviour through trust was statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.292, 95% CI [0.115, 0.547]). Approximately 38.4% of the total effect of MBWA on voice behaviour was transmitted through trust, indicating partial mediation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MBWA was directly associated with nurses' voice behaviour and indirectly associated with voice behaviour through trust. These findings suggest that head nurses' visible leadership practices may strengthen trust and open communication, particularly in high\u2010risk environments such as ICUs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this study highlight the importance of a positive workplace ecology in enhancing nurses' job satisfaction and their intention to leave. Enhancing leadership practices, particularly those that promote effective communication, staff involvement in decision\u2010making and adequate staffing and resources, can directly influence nurses' work experiences and retention. For clinical practice, fostering a positive work environment may improve teamwork, reduce turnover and ultimately contribute to better patient care outcomes. These findings underscore the need for nurse leaders and healthcare administrators to prioritize workplace improvements as part of organizational safety, quality and workforce sustainability initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:29:05Z","timestamp":1788434945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management by Walking Around and Nurses' Voice Behaviour: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to the Mediating Role of Trust in Intensive Care Units"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2735-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Abd\u2010Elmongy Mostafa","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6729-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally Abd\u2010Elmongy Mostafa","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7041-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona Gamal","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Health Nursing, Rak College of Nursing RAK Medical and Health Sciences University  Ras Al\u2010Khaimah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2025039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608241247431"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010024\u201002343\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JMP\u201006\u20102020\u20100331"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32725\/kont.2023.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010025\u201003068\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608251365823"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106913"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"C. C. G.UdezeandN. A.Opara \u201cApplying the Theory of Management by Walking Around (MBWA) to Workplace Management and Structure in Service Organizations \u201dJETMASE. 2022 June https:\/\/www.jetmase.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32996\/jbms"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glt.2025.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2025.102470"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21527\/2237\u20106453.2019.48.71\u201083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010024\u201002646\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21474\/IJAR01\/6881"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580241297974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0330905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Practicing Management by Walking Around and Its Impact on the Service Quality","volume":"4","author":"Durrah O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Commerce and Management Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.06.512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2010.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18421\/TEM144\u201065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.537756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1505641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep12040095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010021\u201000653\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S309565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.05829\/idosi.wjns.2018.157.168"}],"container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nicc.70655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nicc.70655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nicc.70655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:03:30Z","timestamp":1790057010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nicc.70655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nicc.70655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nicc.70655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-1017","1478-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-1017","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70655"}}