{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:49:04Z","timestamp":1791856144512,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The integration of AI and robotic systems into critical care necessitates examining how ICU nurses preserve clinical judgement, professional accountability and person\u2010centred care while using these technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore ICU nurses' perceptions of AI and robotic systems in critical care, focusing on clinical judgement, trust, responsibility, professional roles and person\u2010centred care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative descriptive study using scenario\u2010based elicitation was conducted. Data were collected through seven semi\u2010structured focus group discussions (FGDs) with 38 ICU nurses working in general, paediatric and cardiovascular surgery ICUs in two hospitals in Istanbul City. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, supported by MAXQDA 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four themes were developed: negotiating trust in AI\u2010supported critical care; preserving human authority, accountability and boundaries; protecting the human core of intensive care nursing; and reimagining AI and robotic systems as supportive partners. ICU nurses evaluated these systems through bedside verification, patient safety, professional responsibility and person\u2010centred care. AI recommendations were useful only when nurses could question, verify, delay or override them according to the patient's current condition. Robotic systems were valuable when they reduced documentation or physical workload, but not when they replaced clinical judgement, emotional presence, reassurance or accountability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICU nurses conceptualised AI and robotic systems as acceptable only when clinically verifiable, professionally bounded and subordinate to human judgement. The findings support a model of AI\u2010 and robot\u2010supported ICU care that is responsible, human\u2010led and person\u2010centred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI and robotic systems should be implemented in ways that strengthen, rather than replace, nurses' clinical judgement, accountability and bedside presence. Clear protocols are needed to verify AI outputs, define robotic task boundaries, support nurses' authority to question or override recommendations and preserve person\u2010centred care in technologically intensive ICU environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:25:06Z","timestamp":1791854706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Working With AI and Robotic Systems While Preserving Clinical Judgement, Professional Accountability and Person\u2010Centred Care: Critical Care Nurses\u2019 Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6253-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"Sengul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ko\u00e7 University School of Nursing  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7991-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Yilmaz Akyaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0697-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buse","family":"Macit Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Ko\u00e7 University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0222-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunus Emre","family":"Akyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ko\u00e7 University Hospital  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1609-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011fba","family":"Cevizci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ko\u00e7 University Hospital  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9827-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melek","family":"Demiral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haydarpa\u015fa Numune Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0019-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deema","family":"Mahasneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Ajman University  Ajman UAE"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Mutah University  Karak Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1567-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noordeen","family":"Shoqirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Mutah University  Karak Jordan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Higher Colleges of Technology  Ras Al Khaimah UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9092-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly","family":"Kirkland\u2010Kyhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing University of California  Davis USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23939"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14855"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010022\u201003915\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251406302"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2025.101225"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/58629"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104153"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70141"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.22557"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70090"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2022.103839"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.13116"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70389"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nup.12306"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010026\u201008717\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241271803"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2025.104542"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16478"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70477"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70156"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70326"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21768"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098\u2010240X(200008)23:4<334::AID\u2010NUR9>3.0.CO;2\u2010G"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","volume-title":"Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice","author":"Polit D. F.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/62957"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20160501.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114523"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(05)80008-4","article-title":"Instrument Review: Getting the Most From a Panel of Experts","volume":"5","author":"Davis L. L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Applied Nursing Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7000.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","volume-title":"Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research","author":"Krueger R. A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","volume-title":"Naturalistic Inquiry","author":"Lincoln Y. S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.13011"}],"container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nicc.70695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nicc.70695","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nicc.70695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:25:14Z","timestamp":1791854714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nicc.70695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nicc.70695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nicc.70695","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-1017","1478-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-1017","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70695"}}