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Using a historical analysis guided by Lewenson and Hermann's framework, primary sources, including archival materials and foundational texts, were examined alongside secondary scholarly literature and historical commentaries. Leadership approaches were reviewed by decade and mapped against key nursing theories, healthcare developments and broader social movements to construct a timeline of leadership discourse. Findings demonstrate a progression from predominantly hierarchical, autocratic and bureaucratic leadership models characteristic of the early and mid\u201020th century, particularly during wartime and post\u2010war periods, toward more relational, collaborative and adaptive approaches. Transformational leadership emerged alongside nursing professionalisation during the 1980s, while servant and authentic leadership gained prominence in response to growing emphasis on equity, inclusion and person\u2010centred care in the 2010s. More recently, adaptive, emotionally intelligent and ambidextrous leadership styles have become increasingly important for addressing healthcare complexity, workforce resilience, innovation and change. The analysis highlights nursing leadership as a dynamic, context\u2010dependent and deeply relational construct. Understanding its evolution can support nurse leaders, educators and other healthcare providers to critically reflect on practice, foster inclusive and resilient teams and apply evidence\u2010informed leadership strategies that promote sustainable, patient\u2010centred care in rapidly changing healthcare environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T12:39:24Z","timestamp":1785674364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Past, Present and Future: A Historical Analysis and Reflection of 100 Years of Nursing Leadership"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1307-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherrie","family":"Bolton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences CQUniversity Rockhampton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy\u2010Louise","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences CQUniversity Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4950-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Wirihana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences CQUniversity Rockhampton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences CQUniversity Rockhampton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4297-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellie","family":"Cutmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences CQUniversity Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13731-018-0081-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03063070231152976"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16496"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHL.S496266"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03421-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231178528"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1636"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","volume-title":"How Healthcare Accreditation Shapes Organizational Culture","author":"American Accreditation Association","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","volume-title":"AONL Nurse Executive Competencies","author":"American Organization for Nursing Leadership","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26634\/jnur.13.2.19960"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3912\/ojin.vol9no01man04"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"The Impact of Organizational Culture on Nursing: A Comprehensive Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aydogdu A. 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