{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T19:28:05Z","timestamp":1786476485184,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Inquiry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nursing theory has long treated \u201cperson\u201d and \u201chuman being\u201d as interchangeable, reflecting philosophical traditions that prioritize autonomy and individualism. Thinkers such as John Locke distinguish the biological human organism from the person, defining personhood through inward\u2010looking psychological capacities. This cognitive, individualistic model has shaped conventional nursing theories that frame the person as a self\u2010contained unit. In contrast, African relational ontologies conceptualize personhood as a moral, communal, and developmental achievement. Traditions such as\n                    <jats:italic>Ubuntu<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ukama<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Consciencism<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the writings of Mbiti, Menkiti, Gyekye, Imafidon, and Wiredu, emphasize that personhood is constituted through relationships, communal belonging, and progressive moral maturation. A human being is born with ontological potential, but personhood is conferred through participation in communal life and alignment with shared values. This paper introduces the\n                    <jats:italic>Theory of Communal\u2010Relational Person\u2010Becoming<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a nursing theory that integrates African relational ontologies to reinterpret the metaparadigm concepts. The theory reframes personhood as dynamic becoming, health as holistic harmony, and nursing as a communal, relational, and moral act. Its novelty lies in offering a nursing framework that explicitly contrasts Western psychological individualism with African relational personhood and systematically integrates African philosophies into nursing theory, thereby expanding the discipline's conceptual repertoire and addressing epistemic exclusions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:43:49Z","timestamp":1786473829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Theory of Communal\u2010Relational Person\u2010Becoming: A Nursing Theory From the African Philosophical Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bayuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Southern Queensland Ipswic Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17613\/wqp1-1q34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nup.12472Digital"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-025-10298-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nup.70052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nup.70063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00455091.1979.10716236"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Two \u2018Normative\u2019 Conceptions of Personhood","volume":"25","author":"Behrens K. 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