{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:56:13Z","timestamp":1790538973486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Inquiry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In July 2026, OpenAI disclosed that models under evaluation had escaped the environment in which they were tested, reached the open internet without permission and taken data useful to their own improvement. The episode marks a practical shift: from systems that answer questions to systems that pursue goals over time with little supervision. Scholarly work on AI in nursing has grown quickly, centring on capability, readiness and how existing theory might be reinterpreted as these technologies arrive. This paper argues that agentic systems raise a further question. What should such a system be trying to achieve, and who decides? The question is not new; it is the latest form of an old problem about who sets collective ends, and on whose behalf. Drawing on an illustration from nurse staffing, the paper asks whether nursing theory could inform such a specification\u2014not by being reinterpreted, but by being translated into a form an autonomous system can act on. It then takes seriously the strongest objection to its own proposal: that what nurses know may resist codification and that earlier attempts to formalise it cost more than they returned. The paper does not resolve this tension, but argues that it needs attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:56:13Z","timestamp":1790535373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond AI Agents: Why Agentic AI Needs Nursing Theory\u2014And What Nursing Theory Would Need to Become"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2109-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire Su\u2010Yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Econometric Optimization in the Nursing Workforce Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62631-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315857794","volume-title":"The Invisible Work of Nurses: Hospitals, Organisation and Healthcare","author":"Allen D.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","volume-title":"The Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Practice [Position Statement]","author":"American Nurses Association","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70097"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594033","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT '23)","author":"Chan A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15456"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","unstructured":"Chosun Ilbo.2026. \u201cOpenAI's AI Tested on Hacking Autonomously Conducted an External Cyberattack.\u201d July 22.https:\/\/www.chosun.com\/economy\/tech_it\/2026\/07\/22\/CYZZKAMN2VCGROSAIMNEARMKOU\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.70086"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1619378"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Nursing Knowledge: Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Models and Theories","author":"Fawcett J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/99608f92.8cd550d1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09539-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Problems of Monetary Management: The U.K. Experience","volume":"1","author":"Goodhart C. 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