{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:37:19Z","timestamp":1791499039416,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normal gastrointestinal function depends on an intact and coordinated enteric nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content>). While the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content> is formed during fetal life, plasticity persists in the postnatal period during which the gastrointestinal tract is colonized by bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that colonization of the bowel by intestinal microbiota influences the postnatal development of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content> was studied in whole mount preparations of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of specific pathogen\u2010free (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPF<\/jats:styled-content>), germ\u2010free (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content>), and altered Schaedler flora (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASF<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIH<\/jats:styled-content> Swiss mice at postnatal day 3 (P3). The frequency and amplitude of circular muscle contractions were measured in intestinal segments using spatiotemporal mapping of video recorded spontaneous contractile activity with and without exposure to lidocaine and N\u2010nitro\u2010L\u2010arginine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOLA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunolabeling with antibodies to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGP<\/jats:styled-content>9.5 revealed significant abnormalities in the myenteric plexi of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> jejunum and ileum, but not duodenum, characterized by a decrease in nerve density, a decrease in the number of neurons per ganglion, and an increase in the proportion of myenteric nitrergic neurons. Frequency of amplitude of muscle contractions were significantly decreased in the jejunum and ileum of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> mice and were unaffected by exposure to lidocaine, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOLA<\/jats:styled-content> enhanced contractile frequency in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GF<\/jats:styled-content> jejunum and ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that early exposure to intestinal bacteria is essential for the postnatal development of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content> in the mid to distal small intestine. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms by which enteric microbiota interact with the developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T06:57:35Z","timestamp":1386917855000},"page":"98-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":306,"title":["Intestinal microbiota influence the early postnatal development of the enteric nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Borojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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