{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:27:44Z","timestamp":1790965664719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]],"date-time":"2014-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution anorectal manometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRAM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a relatively new method for collection and interpretation of data relevant to sphincteric function, and for the first time allows a global appreciation of the anorectum as a functional unit. Historically, traditional anal manometry has been plagued by lack of standardization and healthy volunteer data of variable quality. The aims of this study were: (i) to obtain normative data sets for traditional measures of anorectal function using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRAM<\/jats:styled-content> in healthy subjects and; (ii) to qualitatively describe novel physiological phenomena, which may be of future relevance when this method is applied to patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>115 healthy subjects (96 female) underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRAM<\/jats:styled-content> using a 10 channel, 12F solid\u2010state catheter. Measurements were performed during rest, squeeze, cough, and simulated defecation (push). Data were displayed as color contour plots and analysed using a commercially available manometric system (Solar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI HRM<\/jats:styled-content> v9.1, Medical Measurement Systems). Associations between age, gender and parity were subsequently explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRAM<\/jats:styled-content> color contour plots provided clear delineation of the high\u2010pressure zone within the anal canal and showed recruitment during maneuvers that altered intra\u2010anal pressures. Automated analysis produced quantitative data, which have been presented on the basis of gender and parity due to the effect of these covariates on some sphincter functions. In line with traditional manometry, some age and gender differences were seen. Males had a greater functional anal canal length and anal pressures during the cough maneuver. Parity in females was associated with reduced squeeze increments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study provides a large healthy volunteer dataset and parameters of traditional measures of anorectal function. A number of novel phenomena are appreciated, the significance of which will require further analysis and comparisons with patient populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T02:35:04Z","timestamp":1394764504000},"page":"625-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Traditional measures of normal anal sphincter function using high\u2010resolution anorectal manometry (<scp>HRAM<\/scp>) in 115 healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"E. V.","family":"Carrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation (NCRBSI) Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Brokj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"},{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Craven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Horrocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation (NCRBSI) Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Palit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation (NCRBSI) Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit Castle Hill Hospital East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Cottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. S.","family":"Duthie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit Castle Hill Hospital East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Cottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation (NCRBSI) Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Lunniss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Physiology Unit The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation (NCRBSI) Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2008.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2002.00352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70194-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-0014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05450.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00510.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318237f37d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000258662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-006-0245-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800711122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800811143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000128545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31823fe7f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680409700303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2071-1"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.12307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.12307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T08:50:15Z","timestamp":1696236615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.12307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.12307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]}}}