{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:53:15Z","timestamp":1772160795123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diabetic gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying) is associated with antral hypomotility. L\u2010type\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      channels play an important role in generation of action potentials and activation of contractions. This study was designed to investigate if the function of the L\u2010type\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      channels of antral circular smooth muscle cells (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) is impaired in streptozotocin (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u2010induced diabetic rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight weeks after the injection of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      or vehicle, whole\u2010cell patch clamp was used to record\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      currents, and isometric tension recording was used to measure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      influx\u2010induced contractions in circular muscle strips. Solid gastric emptying was measured in diabetic and control rats. Protein expression of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      lC\u2010subunit in antral smooth muscles was compared between diabetic and control rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) Solid gastric emptying, independent of age or bodyweight, was slower in the diabetic rats, even after acute correction of hyperglycemia. (2) Verapamil, a potent calcium channel blocker, dose dependently reduced solid gastric emptying in normal rats. (3) Current density of L\u2010type\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      channel at 10\u00a0mV in antral circular\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s was significantly decreased in the diabetic rats (\u22129.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0pA\/pF\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u221215.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00a0pA\/pF in control,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). However, protein expression of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      channel in antral muscles did not differ between diabetic and control rats. (4) Contractile responses to 1 and 3\u00a0mM [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] were significantly reduced in the diabetic antral circular muscle strips, indicative of reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      influx.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These data suggested that the decreased L\u2010type\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:roman>Ca<\/jats:roman>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      current in antral\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s may contribute to antral hypomotility in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010induced diabetic rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T23:18:06Z","timestamp":1398295086000},"page":"971-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Decreased L\u2010type calcium current in antral smooth muscle cells of\n                    <scp>STZ<\/scp>\n                    \u2010induced diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Research and Education Foundation VA Medical Center Oklahoma City OK USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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