{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:40:43Z","timestamp":1791114043834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]],"date-time":"2014-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007827","name":"American College of Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>) is not been fully elucidated, but childhood trauma may disturb the brain\u2013gut axis and therefore be important. Thus, we conducted a family based case\u2013control study of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> cases and their relatives with the aims to (i) determine the frequency of childhood trauma among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> cases and controls as well as their relatives, and (ii) assess childhood trauma among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> cases with affected relatives (familial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>, matched controls, and their first\u2010degree relatives completed a self\u2010report version of Bremner' <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>arly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>rauma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory. Percent of cases and controls with a family history were compared and odds ratios were computed using chi\u2010squared test; recurrence risks to relatives were computed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from 409 cases, 415 controls, 825 case relatives, and 921 control relatives. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> cases had a median age of 50 and 83% were women. Of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> cases, 74% had experienced any general trauma compared to 59% among controls, yielding an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.13\u20132.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.008). There were no statistical differences between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> relatives and control relatives with regards to lifetime trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with childhood trauma, and these traumas often occur prior to onset of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms. This provides further insight into how traumatic childhood events are associated with development of adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T04:07:03Z","timestamp":1399867623000},"page":"990-998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A case\u2013control study of childhood trauma in the development of irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Halland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Almazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Talley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. A.","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05913.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02463.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Impairment in work productivity and health\u2010related quality of life in patients with IBS","volume":"11","author":"Dean B","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.8.929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"S268","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: towards a cost\u2010effective approach","volume":"7","author":"Martin R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.agast972120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91802-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199805000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.100594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838011426152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01558.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00240.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v14n01_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021718304633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910709X466496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb126963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800410393274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200101000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000243824.84651.6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92793-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020545017390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.184"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.12353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.12353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:55:45Z","timestamp":1696524945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.12353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.12353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12353","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,11]]}}}