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Therefore, the objective was to characterize the inhibitory neuro\u2010muscular transmission and gene expression changes of the enteric inhibitory pathways in patients with diverticulosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circular muscle strips from sigmoid colon of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and controls were studied using the organ bath technique to evaluate spontaneous contractility and enteric motor neurons stimulated by electrical field and q<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> to assess the expression of n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>, i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>, P2Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGP<\/jats:styled-content>9.5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> presented decreased spontaneous rhythmic contractions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content>) that were significantly enhanced after incubation with L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNA<\/jats:styled-content> (1\u00a0mM) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTX<\/jats:styled-content> (1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M), and unaffected by the P2Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antagonist <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>2500 (1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M). Stimulation on enteric motor neurons caused an increased duration of the latency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OFF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010contractions in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), antagonized by L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNA<\/jats:styled-content> and slightly affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRS<\/jats:styled-content>2500 (1\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M). No differences in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> between controls and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> patients were observed on inhibition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010donor sodium nitroprusside (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>) and the preferential P2Y agonist <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>S. Moreover, n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content> relative expression was also up\u2010regulated 2.3\u2010fold in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) whereas there was no significant difference in relative expression of i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>, P2Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R and the neuronal marker <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGP<\/jats:styled-content>9.5 between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> presented an over\u2010expression of n<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content> with increased endogenously <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated responses suggesting enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010release. Up\u2010regulation in the nitrergic pathway in early stages of the disease might play a role in colonic motor disorders associated to diverticular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]],"date-time":"2015-01-29T23:43:33Z","timestamp":1422575013000},"page":"1458-1468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Nitrergic neuro\u2010muscular transmission is up\u2010regulated in patients with diverticulosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Esp\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory Hospital de Matar\u00f3 Matar\u00f3 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rofes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de enfermedades hep\u00e1ticas y digestivas CIBERehd Instituto de Salud 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