{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:40Z","timestamp":1791489700166,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,4]],"date-time":"2015-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK101688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK101688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NR05337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NR05337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NR013497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NR013497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011086","name":"NASPGHAN Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center","award":["P30 DK56338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK56338"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A standardized 4\u2010h adult\u2010based gastric emptying scintigraphy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content>) protocol is increasingly being used in children to evaluate for gastroparesis. We sought to determine the effect of age, anthropometrics, and study duration on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content> results using this protocol in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review of children who underwent a 4\u2010h solid\u2010meal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content> study at a tertiary care center. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content> results and anthropometric data (e.g., weight, stature, body surface area [BSA]) were systematically captured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 216 children, 188 (87%) were able to complete the study meal. Children unable to complete the meal were younger and smaller. In multivariate analysis, only increasing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSA<\/jats:styled-content> was identified as being positively associated with ability to complete the meal (odds ratio: 19.7; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Of those completing the meal, 48 (26%) had delayed emptying (4\u2010h retention value &gt;10%). These children were significantly younger and smaller than those with normal emptying. In multivariate analysis of those completing the meal, only increasing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSA<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio: 0.26; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006) was identified as being negatively associated with delayed emptying. There was a progressive increase in the positive predictive value for identification of delayed gastric emptying as the duration of the study increased (0.25, 0.60, and 0.71 at 1, 2, and 3\u00a0h, respectively) using the 4\u2010hr value as a comparator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young children have more difficulty completing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content> meal. Childhood gastric retention is affected by age and anthropometric factors, primarily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSA<\/jats:styled-content>. The standardized 4\u2010h <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GES<\/jats:styled-content> protocol may need to take these factors into account in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T01:50:40Z","timestamp":1420422640000},"page":"356-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Gastric emptying scintigraphy results in children are affected by age, anthropometric factors, and study duration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"G. K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX USA"},{"name":"ARS\/USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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