{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:58:54Z","timestamp":1792198734731,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["371955-2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["371955-2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Council, St Joseph's Healthcare"},{"name":"Guglietti Family Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The microbiome is essential for normal myenteric intrinsic primary afferent neuron (\n IPAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) excitability. These neurons control gut motility and modulate gut\u2013brain signaling by exciting extrinsic afferent fibers innervating the enteric nervous system via an\n IPAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n to extrinsic fiber sensory synapse. We investigated effects of germ\u2010free (\n GF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) status and conventionalization on extrinsic sensory fiber discharge in the mesenteric nerve bundle and\n IPAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n electrophysiology, and compared these findings with those from specific pathogen\u2010free (\n SPF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mice. As we have previously shown that the\n IPAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n calcium\u2010dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (\n sAHP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is enhanced in\n GF<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice, we also examined the expression of the calcium\u2010binding protein calbindin in these neurons in these different animal groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n IPAN sAHP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and mesenteric nerve multiunit discharge were recorded using\n ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n jejunal gut segments from\n SPF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n GF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , or conventionalized (\n CONV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mice.\n IPAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were excited by adding 5\u00a0\u03bcM\n TRAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201034 to the serosal superfusate. We probed for calbindin expression using immunohistochemical techniques.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Results<\/jats:title>\n \n SPF<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice had a 21% increase in mesenteric nerve multiunit firing rate and\n CONV<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice a 41% increase when\n IPAN<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were excited by\n TRAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201034. For\n GF<\/jats:styled-content>\n mice, this increase was barely detectable (2%).\n TRAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201034 changed\n sAHP<\/jats:styled-content>\n area under the curve by \u221277 for\n SPF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , +3 for\n GF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , or \u221254% for\n CONV<\/jats:styled-content>\n animals. Calbindin\u2010immunopositive neurons per myenteric ganglion were 36% in\n SPF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 24% in\n GF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 52% in\n CONV<\/jats:styled-content>\n animals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions & Inferences<\/jats:title>\n The intact microbiome is essential for normal intrinsic and extrinsic nerve function and gut\u2013brain signaling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T04:05:58Z","timestamp":1425269158000},"page":"627-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["The gut microbiome restores intrinsic and extrinsic nerve function in germ\u2010free mice accompanied by changes in calbindin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"K. A.","family":"McVey Neufeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Brain\u2010Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Perez\u2010Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Brain\u2010Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. K.","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Brain\u2010Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bienenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Brain\u2010Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. A.","family":"Kunze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster Brain\u2010Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2011.00094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.3.G368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-153841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00128.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-245282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010529108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3283572ffa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2003.00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00935.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00204.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-008-0684-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.14.8151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105231200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2004.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665114001426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.15702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90370-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2003.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350200093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70295-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91683-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00864-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.5.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01458-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0201z.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.6.2777"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology & Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.12534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.12534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T11:12:13Z","timestamp":1695467533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.12534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.12534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12534","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725372581.793506414","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]}}}