{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:41:35Z","timestamp":1785008495187,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,5]],"date-time":"2015-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tsumura & Co. Ibaraki, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rikkunshito<\/jats:italic>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>) is a gastroprotective herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated the role of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>in the relaxation of the gastric body (fundus and corpus) and antrum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used<jats:italic>Suncus murinus<\/jats:italic>, a unique small model animal with similar gastrointestinal motility to humans and dogs.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>was added at 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0\u00a0mg\/mL to induce relaxation<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>; the outcome measure was the intensity of relaxation. The number of spontaneous antral contractions in the absence or the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>was also counted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rikkunshito<\/jats:italic>induced the relaxation of the gastric body and antrum and decreased the number of spontaneous antral contractions in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The responses to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>(1.0\u00a0mg\/mL) were not affected by pretreatment with atropine,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitro\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine methyl ester, ritanserin, or ondansetron. On the other hand, timolol almost completely reversed the relaxation induced by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>(1.0\u00a0mg\/mL) on the gastric body and antrum and the occurrence of the spontaneous antral contractions. Both butoxamine, a<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoreceptor antagonist, and L 748337, a<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoreceptor antagonist, but not<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGP<\/jats:styled-content>20712, a<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoreceptor antagonist, significantly reversed the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced (1.0\u00a0mg\/mL) gastric relaxation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RKT<\/jats:styled-content>stimulates and modulates gastric relaxation through<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic, but not<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic, pathways in<jats:italic>S.\u00a0murinus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1428297418000},"page":"875-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Rikkunshito<\/i>induces gastric relaxation<i>via<\/i>the<i>\u03b2\u2010<\/i>adrenergic pathway in<i>Suncus murinus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Regulatory Biology Division of Life Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Takehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Regulatory Biology Division of Life Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Regulatory Biology Division of Life Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Josai University Sakado\u2010shi Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fujitsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsumura Research Laboratories Tsumura &amp; Co. 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