{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:21:18Z","timestamp":1761513678063},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["DK77738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK77738"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While irritable bowel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>) affects women more than men, the reasons are unclear. Research on the female preponderance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> has focused on gender differences in sex\u2010linked biological processes; much less attention has been paid to the role of psychosocial factors. Interpersonal difficulties may be one source of stress that may significantly impact on women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>. Because of the importance that women attach to relationships, we suspected they would be more reactive to interpersonal stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 283 (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> age\u00a0=\u00a041\u00a0years, F\u00a0=\u00a080%), Rome III\u2010diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients completed a test battery that included the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> Symptom Severity Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIP<\/jats:styled-content>), interpersonal support evaluation list (social support), Negative Interactions Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory (distress), Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Quality of Life as part of baseline assessment of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIH<\/jats:styled-content> trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males scored higher on two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIP<\/jats:styled-content> scales reflecting a hostile\u2010dominant interpersonal pattern, and reported less social support. The quality of relationship problems (more interpersonal difficulties, lower support) correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> symptom severity as measured mainly by gastroenterologists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male, not female, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients reported more interpersonal difficulties. Male patients\u2014a population for whom little is known\u2014are characterized by hostile\u2010dominant interpersonal problems. This finding has clinical importance, given that relationship problems may influence <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>s' estimation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> symptom severity and undermine the physician\u2013patient relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T08:54:43Z","timestamp":1439369683000},"page":"1478-1486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome: the interpersonal connection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"E. 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