{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:14:13Z","timestamp":1789514053947,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"CIHR\/CAG"},{"name":"National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 AG034676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG034676"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gastrointestinal infections are risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and functional dyspepsia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). We investigated whether non\u2010enteric infections and antibiotic exposure are also associated with the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a nested case\u2013control study, random samples of Olmsted County,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , were mailed valid self\u2010report questionnaires from 1988 through 1994, and then follow\u2010up questionnaires from 1995 through 2003. Survey responders who did not report any\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      symptoms at baseline, but then reported such symptoms in at least one subsequent survey, were classified as new\u2010onset cases. Age\u2010matched controls were individuals who did not have symptoms at either the initial or subsequent surveys.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall response rate was 78% to the initial survey and 52% to the follow\u2010up survey. Based on the responses, 316 participants had a new onset of an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (43\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      constipation, 95\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      diarrhea, 25\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mixed, and 153 other\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s, including\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and 250 did not (controls). Around 76% (241\/316) of cases reported a non\u2010enteric infection\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      66% (166\/250) of the controls. The frequency of enteric infections was similar between the two groups. Of the new\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cases, 83% had a non\u2010enteric infection that was treated with antibiotic. In a logistic regression model, treatment with antibiotics for a non\u2010gastrointestinal infection was associated with the development of an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.90; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 1.21\u20132.98;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005), after adjusting for age and sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on a case\u2013control study, treatment of a non\u2010gastrointestinal infection with antibiotics appears to be a risk factor for development of an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T00:04:45Z","timestamp":1440461085000},"page":"1580-1586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Non\u2010enteric infections, antibiotic use, and risk of development of functional gastrointestinal disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Paula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinisch\u2010Diagnostische Laboratorium West OG Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"G. R.","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. D.","family":"Schleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Zinsmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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