{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:09:03Z","timestamp":1792649343735,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005204","name":"Siemens Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The parasympathetic nervous system, whose main neural substrate is the vagus nerve, exerts a fundamental antinociceptive role and influences gastrointestinal sensori\u2010motor function. Our research question was to whether combined electrical and physiological modulation of vagal tone, using transcutaneous electrical vagal nerve stimulation (t\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNS<\/jats:styled-content>) and deep slow breathing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSB<\/jats:styled-content>) respectively, could increase musculoskeletal pain thresholds and enhance gastroduodenal motility in healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen healthy subjects were randomized to a subject\u2010blinded, sham\u2010controlled, cross\u2010over study with an active protocol including stimulation of auricular branch of the vagus nerve, and breathing at full inspiratory capacity and forced full expiration. Recording of cardiac derived parameters including cardiac vagal tone, moderate pain thresholds to muscle, and bone pressure algometry, conditioned pain modulation using a cold pressor test and a liquid meal ultrasonographic gastroduodenal motility test were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac vagal tone increased during active treatment with t\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSB<\/jats:styled-content> compared to sham (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009). In comparison to sham, thresholds to bone pain increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), frequency of antral contractions increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004) and gastroduodenal motility index increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.016) with active treatment. However, no effect on muscle pain thresholds and conditioned pain modulation was seen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>This experimental study suggests that this noninvasive approach with combined electrical and physiological modulation of vagal tone enhances gastroduodenal motility and reduces somatic pain sensitivity. These findings warrant further investigation in patients with disorders characterized with chronic pain and gastrointestinal dysmotility such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T03:13:46Z","timestamp":1451963626000},"page":"592-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Modulation of vagal tone enhances gastroduodenal motility and reduces somatic pain sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J. B.","family":"Fr\u00f8kj\u00e6r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Radiology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Radiology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Madzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Radiology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals of North Midlands Stoke on Trent UK"},{"name":"Centre for Digestive Diseases Blizard Institute Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ellrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Drewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Mech\u2010Sense Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-015-0528-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.01076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2012-010173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0543-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/ENR.2011.06.04.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"362","article-title":"Normal values and reproducibility of the real\u2010time index of vagal tone in healthy humans: a multi\u2010center study","volume":"27","author":"Farmer AD","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02251.x"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.12760","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.12760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.12760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T14:42:30Z","timestamp":1695480150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.12760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.12760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12760","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]]}}}