{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T19:06:38Z","timestamp":1780427198833,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11\/RFP\/3115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/RFP\/3115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000297","name":"Royal College of Surgeons of England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000863","name":"Bowel Disease Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000384","name":"Higher Education Funding Council for England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000384","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sacral neuromodulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a treatment option for intractable fecal incontinence. The mechanism of action is unclear, however, increasing evidence for afferent somatosensory effects exists. This study's aim was to elucidate effects of acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> on the cerebral cortex in a rodent model of pudendal nerve injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of 14 Hz and 2 Hz <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> on sensory cortical activation were studied. In 32 anesthetized rats, anal canal evoked potentials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EP<\/jats:styled-content>s) were recorded over the primary somatosensory cortex. Pudendal nerve injury was produced by 1\u2010hour inflation of two intra\u2010pelvic balloons. Four groups were studied: balloon injury, balloon injury plus either 14 Hz or 2 Hz <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content>, sham operation. Immunohistochemistry for the neural plasticity marker polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAM<\/jats:styled-content>) positive cells (numerical density and location) in the somatosensory cortex was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EP<\/jats:styled-content> amplitudes diminished during balloon inflation; 14 Hz <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> restored diminished anal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EP<\/jats:styled-content>s to initial levels and 2 Hz <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> to above initial levels. Evoked potential latencies were prolonged during balloon inflation. The numerical density of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAM<\/jats:styled-content> positive cells increased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> groups, but not in sham or balloon injury without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content>. Stimulated cortices showed clusters of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAM<\/jats:styled-content> positive cells in layers II, IV, and V. Post <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> changes were similar in both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sacral neuromodulation augments anal representation in the sensory cortex and restores afferent pathways following injury. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCAM<\/jats:styled-content> positive cell density is increased in stimulated cortices and positive cells are clustered in layers II, IV, and V.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T04:11:41Z","timestamp":1454040701000},"page":"665-673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Reversal of sensory deficit through sacral neuromodulation in an animal model of fecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Evers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Devane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. V.","family":"Carrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation and GI Physiology Unit Queen Mary College University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation and GI Physiology Unit Queen Mary College University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation and GI Physiology Unit Queen Mary College University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Colorectal Disease St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F. 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