{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:16:27Z","timestamp":1791378987440,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,20]],"date-time":"2016-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to examine the effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain Shirota (LcS) on gut\u2013brain interactions under stressful conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trials were conducted to examine the effects of LcS on psychological and physiological stress responses in healthy medical students under academic examination stress. Subjects received LcS\u2010fermented milk or placebo daily for 8\u00a0weeks prior to taking a national standardized examination. Subjective anxiety scores, salivary cortisol levels, and the presence of physical symptoms during the intervention were pooled and analyzed. In the animal study, rats were given feed with or without LcS for 2\u00a0weeks, then submitted to water avoidance stress (WAS). Plasma corticosterone concentration and the expression of cFos and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were measured immediately after WAS. In an electrophysiological study, gastric vagal afferent nerve activity was monitored after intragastric administration of LcS to urethane\u2010anesthetized rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Academic stress\u2010induced increases in salivary cortisol levels and the incidence rate of physical symptoms were significantly suppressed in the LcS group compared with the placebo group. In rats pretreated with LcS, WAS\u2010induced increases in plasma corticosterone were significantly suppressed, and the number of CRF\u2010expressing cells in the PVN was reduced. Intragastric administration of LcS stimulated gastric vagal afferent activity in a dose\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that LcS may prevent hypersecretion of cortisol and physical symptoms under stressful conditions, possibly through vagal afferent signaling to the brain and reduced stress reactivity in the PVN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,20]],"date-time":"2016-02-20T15:57:46Z","timestamp":1455983866000},"page":"1027-1036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Probiotic\n                    <i>Lactobacillus casei<\/i>\n                    strain Shirota relieves stress\u2010associated symptoms by modulating the gut\u2013brain interaction in human and animal models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Takada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult Central Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kataoka\u2010Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult Central Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Gondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult Central Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult Central Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult Central Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakult Central Institute Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Research and Development Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd. 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