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However, little is known about the fundamental properties of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was undertaken to increase our understanding of intrinsic properties of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> through calcium imaging and intracellular electrical recordings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Without stimulation, most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> were quiescent. In some preparations <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> generated rhythmic low\u2010frequency calcium oscillations (&lt;10 cpm) with or without high frequency activity superimposed (&gt;35 cpm). Immunohistochemistry proved the existence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>1R on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> and close contacts between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> and substance P\u2010positive nerves. Substance P (25 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nM<\/jats:styled-content>) induced low\u2010frequency calcium oscillations that were synchronized across the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> network. Substance P also induced low frequency rhythmic transient depolarizations (&lt;10cpm) in circular muscle cells close to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content>. An intracellular recording from a positively identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> showed rhythmic transient depolarizations with superimposed high frequency activity. To investigate if quiescent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> were chronically inhibited by nitrergic activity, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nNOS<\/jats:styled-content> was inhibited, but without effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance P changes non\u2010synchronized high frequency flickering or quiescence in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content> into strong rhythmic calcium transients that are synchronized within the network; they are associated with rhythmic transient depolarizations within the same frequency range. We hypothesize that Substance P, released from nerves, can evoke rhythmicity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMP<\/jats:styled-content>, thereby providing it with potential pacemaker activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T07:12:05Z","timestamp":1457766725000},"page":"1064-1074","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Stimulus\u2010induced pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the deep muscular plexus of the small intestine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Y. 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