{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:16:21Z","timestamp":1789193781370,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010third of patients with fecal incontinence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>) do not have any anal dysfunction. The aim was to characterize patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> with normal anal function compared with patients with anal weakness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The general characteristics and data of anal manometry, endosonography, and defecography of patients who were evaluated for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> at a single institution from 2005 to 2015 were prospectively assessed. Fecal incontinence was defined by the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCIS<\/jats:styled-content>) &gt;4. Anal weakness was defined by one or more of the three following parameters: &lt;25 mmHg at the upper part of the anal canal, &lt;26 mmHg at the lower part of the anal canal, and &lt;60 mmHg for the mean squeeze pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 439 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> were included (152 with normal anal function\/287 with anal weakness). Severe constipation (Kess score \u226521) was predominant in patients with normal anal function (44\/151 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 50\/284, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0054). Fecal incontinence with normal anal function was significantly associated with lower age (&gt;63 years; odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] = 0.29), higher weight (&gt;65 kg; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.69), fecal urgency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.58), less severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCIS<\/jats:styled-content> score &gt;10; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.52), higher abdominal pressure (&gt;36 mmHg; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.15), and paradoxical puborectal contraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.07) in a multivariate analysis model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion &amp; inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fecal incontinence with normal anal function is a specific phenotype that involves distal constipation and may be an early stage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> with anal weakness. Physicians should adapt their management to focus on the treatment of constipation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T16:22:38Z","timestamp":1462378958000},"page":"1554-1560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prospective cohort study of phenotypic variation based on an anal sphincter function in adults with fecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Brochard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif CHU Pontchaillou Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1 Rennes France"},{"name":"Services d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Digestives CHU Pontchaillou Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1 Rennes France"},{"name":"INSERM U991 Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1 Rennes France"},{"name":"CIC 1414 INPHY Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1 Rennes 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