{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:56:22Z","timestamp":1777474582535,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small bowel obstruction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>) is a potentially life\u2010threatening condition which may be caused by a variety of pathologies such as postoperative adhesions or malignant diseases. Little is known on alterations in gut physiology during<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>, although its comprehension is essential to improve treatment which may help to prevent subsequent organ failure prior to surgical resolution. We aimed to investigate afferent nerve sensitivity and intestinal inflammatory response during<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>to identify possible targets of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57Bl6 mice were anesthetized, and a midline laparotomy was performed. A small bowel loop was ligated 5 cm proximal to ileo\u2010cecal valve to induce<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>. Control animals received a sham midline laparotomy.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>animals and controls were sacrificed after 3, 9, or 24 h (each<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 6). A dilated segment of small intestine located 1.5 cm oral to the ligature was prepared for multi\u2010unit mesenteric afferent nerve recordings<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Histological assessment of leukocyte infiltration was performed by myeloperoxidase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPO<\/jats:styled-content>). Pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine expression was quantified by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Data are mean \u00b1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Afferent firing to serosal 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>(500<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) peaked at 3.9 \u00b1 0.2 impulse\/s 24 h after induction of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>compared to 2.4 \u00b1 0.1 impulse\/s in sham controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Serosal bradykinin (0.5<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) led to an increase in peak afferent firing of 5.3 \u00b1 0.5 impulse\/s in 24 h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>animals compared to 3.5 \u00b1 0.2 impulse\/s in sham controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). No differences in 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content>sensitivity were observed in 3 and 9 h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>animals compared to controls. Continuous mechanical ramp distension of the intestinal loop was followed by a pressure\u2010dependent rise in afferent nerve discharge that was reduced in 3 h<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>animals compared to sham controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPO<\/jats:styled-content>stains showed a rise in leukocyte infiltration of the intestine in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>animals at 9 and 24 h (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Il\u20106 but not<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010a gene expression was increased at 9 and 24 h in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>animals compared to sham controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Afferent nerve sensitivity is increased 24 h after induction of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>led to a delayed onset intestinal inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators released during this inflammatory response may be responsible for a later increase in afferent sensitivity. Agents with anti\u2010inflammatory action may, therefore, have a beneficial effect during<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBO<\/jats:styled-content>and may subsequently help to prevent possible organ dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T07:58:24Z","timestamp":1465372704000},"page":"1599-1608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differential activation of afferent neuronal and inflammatory pathways during small bowel obstruction (<scp>SBO<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M. H.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Campus Benjamin Franklin Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2032s University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Macheroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2032s University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Kasparek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Josephinum Hospital Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Seeliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Campus Benjamin Franklin Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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