{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:21:56Z","timestamp":1774574516576,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21\u2010DK 104127\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21\u2010DK 104127\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faecal incontinence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>) is common and its pathophysiology and treatments continue to evolve. However, a standard measure(s) for assessing its clinical outcome has been elusive. Consequently, over 100 measures and scoring systems, each with intrinsic biases have been reported. These include adequate relief or global satisfaction, \u226550% reduction in episodes or days without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content>, quality of life (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QOL<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> severity scales and composite indices. Earlier scales relied on the frequency and type of solid, liquid or flatus incontinence and effects on life style whereas newer scales have incorporated urgency, use of pads, antidiarrhoeals and amount of leakage, using prospective daily stool diaries or retrospective weekly or single point assessments. Such a plethora of measures have negatively impacted the assessment and outcome of clinical trials, and have made comparisons difficult. So, how does one sort out the grain from the chaff? In a provocative, post\u2010hoc analysis published in this issue, the minimal clinically important difference, i.e. the smallest change detected by an instrument that is associated with a clinically meaningful change was used to assess <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> endpoint. Based on this a \u226550% reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> episodes is recommended as a clinically meaningful outcome measure when assessed by prospective stool diary, and it correlates with symptoms and severity. However, this requires further validation in multi\u2010centre, longer duration and therapeutically effective clinical trial(s). Simultaneous assessment of coping strategies, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QOL<\/jats:styled-content> and psychosocial domains can provide further insights regarding the overall impact of treatments. This mini\u2010review discusses the advances and controversies in defining meaningful <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FI<\/jats:styled-content> endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T06:05:33Z","timestamp":1469081133000},"page":"1123-1133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Endpoints for therapeutic interventions in faecal incontinence: small step or game changer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S. S. 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