{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:33:12Z","timestamp":1771338792191,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,31]],"date-time":"2016-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Winkler Bacterial Overgrowth Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) serves as a mammalian cell\u2010derived gaseous neurotransmitter. The intestines are exposed to a second source of this gas by sulfate\u2010reducing bacteria (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>). Bismuth subsalicylate binds H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S rendering it insoluble. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>may slow intestinal transit in a bismuth\u2010reversible fashion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty mice were randomized to five groups consisting of Live<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>, Killed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>+Bismuth, Bismuth, and Saline.<jats:italic>Desulfovibrio vulgaris<\/jats:italic>, a common strain of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>, was administered by gavage at the dose of 1.0\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>cells along with rhodamine, a fluorescent dye. Intestinal transit was measured 50\u00a0minutes after gavage by euthanizing the animals, removing the small intestine between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal valve and visualizing the distribution of rhodamine across the intestine using an imaging system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVIS<\/jats:styled-content>, Perkin\u2010Elmer). Intestinal transit (n=50) was compared using geometric center (1=minimal movement, 100=maximal movement). H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S concentration (n=30) was also measured when small intestinal luminal content was allowed to generate this gas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Live<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>group had slower intestinal transit as represented by a geometric center score of 40.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7 when compared to Saline: 73.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7, Killed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>: 77.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.9,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>+Bismuth: 81.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0, and Bismuth: 73.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.0001). Correspondingly, the Live<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>group had the highest luminal H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S concentration of 4181.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0968.0\u00a0ppb compared to 0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00\u00a0ppb for the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>+Bismuth group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Live<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>slow intestinal transit in a bismuth\u2010reversible fashion in mice. Our results demonstrate that intestinal transit is slowed by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRB<\/jats:styled-content>and this effect could be abolished by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010binding bismuth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T07:14:44Z","timestamp":1482909284000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sulfate\u2010reducing bacteria slow intestinal transit in a bismuth\u2010reversible fashion in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"N. L.","family":"Ritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology New Mexico VA Health Care System Albuquerque NM USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology New Mexico VA Health Care System Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology New Mexico VA Health Care System Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. L.","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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