{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:26:20Z","timestamp":1793294780398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,16]],"date-time":"2016-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen and Helse Vest, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (\n FODMAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) is increasingly recommended for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). We aimed to investigate the effects of a blinded low\u2010\n FODMAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n vs high\u2010fructo\u2010oligosaccharides (\n FOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) diet on symptoms, immune activation, gut microbiota composition, and short\u2010chain fatty acids (\n SCFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty patients with diarrhea\u2010predominant or mixed\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n were instructed to follow a low\u2010\n FODMAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n diet (\n LFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) throughout a 9\u2010week study period. After 3\u00a0weeks, they were randomized and double\u2010blindly assigned to receive a supplement of either\n FOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n FODMAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or maltodextrin (placebo) for the next 10\u00a0days, followed by a 3\u2010week washout period before crossover. Irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system (\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n SSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was used to evaluate symptoms. Cytokines (interleukin [\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]\u20106,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20108, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were analyzed in blood samples, and gut microbiota composition (16S\n rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n SCFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were analyzed in fecal samples.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms consistently improved after 3\u00a0weeks of\n LFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and significantly more participants reported symptom relief in response to placebo (80%) than\n FOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (30%). Serum levels of proinflammatory\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20108, as well as levels of fecal bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and\n Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic>\n ), total\n SCFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, and n\u2010butyric acid, decreased significantly on the\n LFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n as compared to baseline. Ten days of\n FOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n supplementation increased the level of these bacteria, whereas levels of cytokines and\n SCFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s remained unchanged.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings support the efficacy of a\n LFD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in alleviating\n IBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms, and show changes in inflammatory cytokines, microbiota profile, and\n SCFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, which may have consequences for gut health.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T00:53:32Z","timestamp":1476665612000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Effects of varying dietary content of fermentable short\u2010chain carbohydrates on symptoms, fecal microenvironment, and cytokine profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"T. N.","family":"Hustoft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hausken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. O.","family":"Ystad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Valeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unger\u2010Vetlesen's Institute Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Brokstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"Hatlebakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"},{"name":"National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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