{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:36:45Z","timestamp":1788791805911,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6\u20102013\u20100132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\u20102013\u20100132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methane has been associated with constipation\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome, slowing intestinal transit time by augmenting contractile activity. However, the precise mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect of methane on contractile activity, and whether such effects are mediated by nerve impulses or muscular contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We connected guinea pig ileal muscle strips to a force\/tension transducer and measured amplitudes of contraction in response to electrical field stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content>; 1, 2, 8, 16\u00a0Hz) following methane infusion in the presence of tetradotoxin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTX<\/jats:styled-content>), atropine, guanethidine, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content> 113808. We then performed calcium imaging using Oregon Green 488 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAPTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<\/jats:styled-content> in order to visualize changes in calcium fluorescence in response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content> following methane infusion in the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTX<\/jats:styled-content>, atropine, or a high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methane significantly increased amplitudes of contraction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05), while treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTX<\/jats:styled-content> abolished such contraction. Methane\u2010induced increases in amplitude were inhibited when lower\u2010frequency (1, 2\u00a0Hz) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content> was applied following atropine infusion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05). Neither guanethidine nor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content> 113808 significantly altered contraction amplitudes. Methane significantly increased calcium fluorescence, while this increase was attenuated following atropine infusion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05). Although calcium fluorescence was increased by the high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> solution under pretreatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTX<\/jats:styled-content>, the intensity of fluorescence remained unchanged after methane infusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>The actions of methane on the intestine are influenced by the cholinergic pathway of the enteric nervous system. Our findings support the classification of methane as a gasotransmitter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T08:22:41Z","timestamp":1492503761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The effects and mechanism of action of methane on ileal motor function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Y. M.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92478-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.6.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00871639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Methane and hydrogen production by human intestinal anaerobic bacteria","volume":"90","author":"McKay LF","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021738515885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1012-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.3.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33654-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19860116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Normalization of lactulose breath testing correlates with symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome. a double\u2010blind, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled study","volume":"98","author":"Pimentel M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181aec746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00574.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X09335636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/151085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"1334","article-title":"The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: IBS vs healthy controls (not historical definitions)","volume":"57","author":"Pimentel M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000103892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.108712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0778-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1569-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Reassessment of the role of methane production between irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation","volume":"21","author":"Furnari M","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.133.3.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90765-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9104-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(15)31017-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp005940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000011607.24171.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2001.00283.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70175-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00136-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0211hyp"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.03.003"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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