{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:33:30Z","timestamp":1783474410122,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gr\u00fcnenthal GmBH, Aachen, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>End\u2010of\u2010day questionnaires, which are considered the gold standard for assessing abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>), are influenced by recall and ecological bias. The experience sampling method (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content>) is characterized by random and repeated assessments in the natural state and environment of a subject, and herewith overcomes these limitations. This report describes the development of a patient\u2010reported outcome measure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROM<\/jats:styled-content>) based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content> principle, taking into account content validity and cross\u2010cultural adaptation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Focus group interviews with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> patients and expert meetings with international experts in the fields of neurogastroenterology &amp; motility and pain were performed in order to select the items for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROM<\/jats:styled-content>. Forward\u2010and\u2010back translation and cognitive interviews were performed to adapt the instrument for the use in different countries and to assure on patients\u2019 understanding with the final items.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Focus group interviews revealed 42 items, categorized into five domains: physical status, defecation, mood and psychological factors, context and environment, and nutrition and drug use. Experts reduced the number of items to 32 and cognitive interviewing after translation resulted in a few slight adjustments regarding linguistic issues, but not regarding content of the items.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>An <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROM<\/jats:styled-content>, suitable for momentary assessment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content> symptom patterns was developed, taking into account content validity and cross\u2010cultural adaptation. This <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROM<\/jats:styled-content> will be implemented in a specifically designed smartphone application and further validation in a multicenter setting will follow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]],"date-time":"2017-11-06T06:32:50Z","timestamp":1509949970000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Development, content validity, and cross\u2010cultural adaptation of a patient\u2010reported outcome measure for real\u2010time symptom assessment in irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7316-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Vork","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Keszthelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5211-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z.","family":"Mujagic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center+  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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