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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content>in the colonic hypomotility induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>) infusion which mimics<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were submitted to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>which was induced by pancreatic infusion of 2%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>, or sham group with treatment of equal saline. Three weeks after induction of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, we pathologically examined the inflammation of pancreas and counted the number of withdrawal events stimulated by Von Frey filaments to evaluate hyperalgesia. The gastrointestinal transit rate was measured using Carbon inkl driving test, and the contraction activities of colonic muscle strip were studied in an organ bath system. The expression of choline acetyltransferase (Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>) and nitric oxide synthase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>) in colonic myenteric plexus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>) of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content>were investigated by Western blotting and double immunofluorescence staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated group, rats had the signs of chronic pancreatitis 3\u00a0weeks after intraductal infusion and had increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation of the abdomen. For rats with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>, the gastrointestinal transit rate was reduced; in addition, the contractile activities of longitudinal muscle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LM<\/jats:styled-content>) and circular muscle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content>) strips of distal colon in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>group were lower than those in sham group. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the percentage of Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunoreactive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>) neurons in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>was decreased, but the proportion of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>neurons in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>was increased when compared with sham\u2010operated group. Western blotting proved that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNBS<\/jats:styled-content>infusion down\u2010regulated Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>but up\u2010regulated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>expression in the colon<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decreased Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>neurons and increased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>of colon<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENS<\/jats:styled-content>may contribute to the pathogenesis of colonic dysmotility 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