{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:29:58Z","timestamp":1790544598776,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While it is generally accepted that gastrointestinal infections can cause functional disturbances in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract\u2014known as postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>) and functional dyspepsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FD<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014it has still not been widely recognized that such an infection can also initiate functional non\u2010intestinal diseases, and that non\u2010intestinal infections can provoke both intestinal and non\u2010intestinal functional disturbances. We conducted a scoping review of the respective literature and\u2014on the basis of these data\u2014hypothesize that medically unexplained functional symptoms and syndromes following an infection may have a biological (genetic, endocrine, microbiological) origin, and that psychological and social factors, which may contribute to the disease \u201cphenotype,\u201d are secondary to this biological cause. If this holds true, then the search for psychological and social theories and factors to explain why one patient develops a chronic functional disorder while another does not is\u2014at least for postinfectious states\u2014misleading and detracts from exploring and identifying the true origins of these essentially biological disorders. The biopsychosocial model may, as the term implies, always begin with biology, also for functional (somatoform) disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T03:33:26Z","timestamp":1530243206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The \u201cBiology\u2010First\u201d Hypothesis: Functional disorders may begin and end with biology\u2014A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-0486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Enck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mazurak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The irritable colon syndrome. A study of the clinical features, predisposing causes, and prognosis in 130 cases","volume":"31","author":"Chaudhary NA","year":"1962","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6138.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4650.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(94)94871-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1281581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000103893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.2.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000103894"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.3.400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615581113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-313713"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000566"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.021154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"1970","article-title":"Does bacterial gastroenteritis predispose people to functional gastrointestinal disorders? A prospective, community\u2010based, case\u2013control study","volume":"98","author":"Parry S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0296-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0495-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"524","article-title":"Novel research approaches for interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome: thinking beyond the bladder","volume":"4","author":"Mullins C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Reiter's disease","volume":"28","author":"Hoffman WW","year":"1978","journal-title":"Urol Survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"969","article-title":"Reiter's syndrome following epidemic shigellosis","volume":"8","author":"Simon DG","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2842"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","first-page":"524","article-title":"Reactive joint symptoms following an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 135a","volume":"32","author":"Lee AT","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2000.tb01050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.3.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.027524"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.9.866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.3.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0022-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200007000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.2031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.6.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","first-page":"OC21","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome and bronchial asthma: are they associated in Indian population?","volume":"11","author":"Siddiqui S","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.696681"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis and irritable bowel syndrome: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Kogan M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2016.7.0184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640614558346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31802f5dd4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12435.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.5.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-017-0592-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076816686348"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08320-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221384.07521.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000848"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.08.032"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.13394","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.13394","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.13394","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.13394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T15:35:59Z","timestamp":1694100959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.13394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.13394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.13394","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13394"}}