{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:53:48Z","timestamp":1790686428966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In functional gastrointestinal disorders a lack of objective biomarkers limits evaluation of underlying mechanisms. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging for this task using psyllium, an effective constipation treatment, in patients and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two crossover studies: (i) adults without constipation (controls, n\u00a0=\u00a09) took three treatments in randomized order for 6\u00a0days \u2013 maltodextrin (placebo), psyllium 3.5\u00a0g t.d.s and 7\u00a0g t.d.s., (ii) adults with chronic constipation (patients, n\u00a0=\u00a020) took placebo and psyllium 7\u00a0g t.d.s. for 6\u00a0days. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was performed fasting and postprandially on day 6. Measurements included small bowel and ascending colon water content, colonic volume, transit time, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> relaxometry (T1, T2) to assess colonic chyme. Stool water percentage was measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>7\u00a0g psyllium t.d.s. increased fasting colonic volumes in controls from median 372\u00a0mL (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 284\u2010601) to 578\u00a0mL (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 510\u2010882), and in patients from median 831\u00a0mL (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 745\u2010934) to 1104\u00a0mL (847\u20101316), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05. Mean postprandial small bowel water was higher in controls and patients after 7\u00a0g psyllium t.d.s. vs placebo. Whole gut transit was slower in patients than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). T1 of the descending colon chyme (fasting) was lower in patients (213\u00a0ms, 176\u2010420) than controls (440\u00a0ms, 352\u2010884, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) on placebo, but increased by 7\u00a0g psyllium t.d.s. (590\u00a0ms, 446\u20101338), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001. Descending colon T1 correlated with baseline stool water content and stool frequency on treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> measurements can objectively demonstrate the mode of action of therapy targeting intestinal fluid content in constipation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T05:00:00Z","timestamp":1533013200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency, and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Major","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  UK"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Hoad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  UK"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9092-4300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Marciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Silos\u2010Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc.  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