{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:50:49Z","timestamp":1767991849541,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Statutory research project of the Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury (Olsztyn)","award":["15.610.003-300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15.610.003-300"]}]},{"name":"Project KNOW (Leading National Research Centre) Scientific Consortium \"Healthy Animal - Safe Food\", decision of Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["05-1\/KNOW2\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05-1\/KNOW2\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The enteric nervous system (ENS), situated in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, regulates the majority of intestinal activities in physiological conditions and during pathological processes. Enteric neurons are diversified in terms of active substance expression. One of the most important neuropeptides within the ENS is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). It seems to be one among the important inhibitory peptides in addition to neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide (NO), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of the intestinal motility and secretion, however, many issues connected with distribution and roles of VIP in the large intestine, especially during pathological states, still remain unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in the VIP\u2010like immunoreactivity of the enteric nervous structures under experimental pathological states, including chemically induced inflammation and nerve damage was examined using the double immunofluorescence technique with commercial antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Generally, both pathological factors studied caused an increase in the number of VIP\u2010like immunoreactive (VIP\u2010LI) neurons and nerve fibers, but the intensity of fluctuations depended on both the acting factor and the part of the ENS studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>The obtained results suggest that VIP participates in pathological processes concerning the digestive tract, and its exact functions probably depend on the type of damaging factor acting on the intestine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T10:35:12Z","timestamp":1534329312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Chemically induced inflammation and nerve damage affect the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide\u2010like immunoreactive (VIP\u2010LI) nervous structures in the descending colon of the domestic pig"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-6486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Makowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Neither axotomy nor target\u2010tissue inflammation changes the NOS\u2010 or VIP\u2010synthesis rate in distal bowel\u2010projecting neurons of the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG)","volume":"40","author":"Majewski M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Folia Histochem 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