{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:19:02Z","timestamp":1791865142828,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection can occur through the ingestion of raw meat that contains tissue cysts or food that contains oocysts. Through the ingestion of oocysts, the parasite crosses the intestinal barrier, where the enteric nervous system is located. The objective was to investigate the kinetics of neuronal and glial responses during acute\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used 45 Wistar rats that were divided into a control group and infected groups that were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days after infection. The rats received 5000 sporulated oocysts of the parasite orally. To detect neurons and enteric glia cells, the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the duodenum underwent double\u2010labeling immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate HuC\/HuD and S100, HuC\/HuD and ChAT, and HuC\/HuD and nNOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a reduction of the total neuron population in the submucosal plexus 72 hours after infection. Cholinergic neurons decreased in the submucosal plexus 15 days after infection, and nitrergic neurons decreased in the myenteric plexus 72 hours after infection. A decrease in the number of glial cells was observed 7 days after infection in the submucosal plexus, and an increase in the enteric glial cell (EGC)\/neuron ratio was found in both plexuses 48 hours after infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found decrease of neurons and increase in the EGC\/neuron ratio in both plexuses caused by acute\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, with major alterations 72 hours after oral infection.\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The number of cholinergic neurons decreased in the submucosal plexus, and the number of nitrergic neurons decreased in the myenteric plexus.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>A decrease in the number of enteric glial cells was observed in the submucosal plexus, and an increase in the enteric glial cell\/neuron ratio was observed in both ganglionate plexuses of the duodenum.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T01:46:20Z","timestamp":1544492780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Acute\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    infection alters the number of neurons and the proportion of enteric glial cells in the duodenum in Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3074-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Rosa","family":"Trevizan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7540-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Carla Lauer","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8609-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Jos\u00e9 de Almeida","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina  Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Luis","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina  Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-7990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilza C.","family":"Buttow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6698-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gessilda de Alc\u00e2ntara","family":"Nogueira\u2010Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6116-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora de Mello Gon\u00e7ales","family":"Sant'Ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.11.016"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Is Toxoplasma gondii a trigger of bipolar disorder?","volume":"6","author":"Del Grande C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/61435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1408843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"WeissL KimK.Toxoplasma gondii: The Model Apicomplexan. 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