{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:52:04Z","timestamp":1781909524097,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK110366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK110366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ginger has been used as an herbal medicine worldwide to relieve nausea\/vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of its neuronal action remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effects of ginger constituent 6\u2010shogaol on gastroesophageal vagal nodose C\u2010fibers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extracellular single\u2010unit recording and two\u2010photon nodose neuron imaging were performed, respectively, in ex vivo gastroesophageal\u2010vagal preparations from wild type and Pirt\u2010GCaMP6 transgenic mice. The action potential discharge or calcium influx evoked by mechanical distension and chemical perfusions applied to the gastroesophageal vagal afferent nerve endings were recorded, respectively, at their intact neuronal cell soma in vagal nodose ganglia. The effects of 6\u2010shogaol on nodose C\u2010fiber neurons were then compared and determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroesophageal application of 6\u2010shogaol\u2010elicited intensive calcium influxes in nodose neurons and evoked robust action potential discharges in most studied nodose C\u2010fibers. Such activation effects were followed by a desensitized response to the second application of 6\u2010shogaol. However, action potential discharges evoked by esophageal mechanical distension, after 6\u2010shogaol perfusion, did not significantly change. Pretreatment with TRPA1 selective blocker HC\u2010030031 inhibited 6\u2010shogaol\u2010induced action potential discharges in gastric and esophageal nodose C\u2010fiber neurons, suggesting that TRPA1 played a role in mediating 6\u2010shogaol\u2010induced activation response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence that ginger constituent 6\u2010shogaol directly activates vagal afferent C\u2010fiber peripheral gastrointestinal endings. This activation leads to desensitization to subsequent application of 6\u2010shogaol but not subsequent esophageal mechanical distension. Further investigation is required to establish a possible contribution in its anti\u2010emetic effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T17:10:05Z","timestamp":1554397805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of ginger constituent 6\u2010shogaol on gastroesophageal vagal afferent C\u2010fibers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yongming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur J.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Liptak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Undem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solomon H. 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