{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:23:46Z","timestamp":1790393026258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N66001-15-2-4059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-15-2-4059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) was reported to have a therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study was designed to determine effects and mechanisms of SNS on colonic inflammation of in rodent models of IBD and compare the difference among SNS, VNS, and SNS plus VNS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intestinal inflammation in rats was induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS (2,4,6\u2010Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) on the first day. Five days after intrarectal TNBS, the rats were treated with sham\u2010VNS, VNS, Sham\u2010SNS, SNS, and SNS\u00a0+\u00a0VNS for 10\u00a0days. In another experiment, after 10\u00a0days of 4% DSS (dextran sodium sulfate) in drinking water, rats were treated with 10\u2010day sham\u2010SNS and SNS. Various inflammatory responses were assessed; mechanisms involving autonomic functions and inflammatory cytokines were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(a) VNS, SNS, and VNS\u00a0+\u00a0SNS significantly and equally decreased the disease activity index and macroscopic scores, and normalized colon length; (b) IL\u201010 was decreased by TNBS but increased with SNS, VNS, and SNS\u00a0+\u00a0VNS; pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, IL\u20106, IL\u201017A, MCP\u20101 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, were increased by TNBS but decreased with SNS, VNS, and SNS\u00a0+\u00a0VNS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05); MPO activity was decreased by SNS, VNS, and SNS\u00a0+\u00a0VNS; (c) SNS, VNS, and SNS\u00a0+\u00a0VNS remarkably increased vagal activity that was suppressed by TNBS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05); (d) smilar SNS effects were noted in rats with DSS\u2010induced colitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>SNS presents similar anti\u2010inflammatory effects as VNS by inhibiting pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines via the autonomic pathway. Similar to VNS, SNS may also have a therapeutic potential for colonic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T23:33:24Z","timestamp":1563752004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Sacral nerve stimulation improves colonic inflammation mediated by autonomic\u2010inflammatory cytokine mechanism in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5003-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8357-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trisha","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0191-5697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiande D. 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