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The aims of the present study were to test the hypotheses that in mild NEC\u2010induced pups, administration of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin (a) reduces the histopathological score, (b) increases the HF\u2010HRV power, (c) improves the altered myenteric phenotype, and (d) subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevents the effects of ghrelin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newborn Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to seven days of brief periods of cold stress and hypoxia to induce mild NEC with or without anterior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. HRV was measured at postnatal days one, five, and ten; intraperitoneal ghrelin (0.05\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was administered postnatal days five through ten b.i.d. Pups were sacrificed at day 12, and whole brains, gastrointestinal tissues, and blood were collected for immunohistochemical, corticosterone, and cytokine analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ghrelin treatment reduced the intestinal histopathological score, increased the HF\u2010HRV power, improved the altered intestinal myenteric phenotype, and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevented the effects of ghrelin. There were no differences in serum cytokines or corticosterone between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data suggest that ghrelin administration is able to recover the mild NEC\u2010induced changes to the histology, HF\u2010HRV, and myenteric phenotype in a vagally dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T15:15:40Z","timestamp":1565104540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ghrelin ameliorates the phenotype of newborn rats induced with mild necrotizing enterocolitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alissa L.","family":"Meister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron R.","family":"Burkholder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Penn State University State College Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7192-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim K.","family":"Doheny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural and Behavioral Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine Penn State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2297-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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