{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:58:15Z","timestamp":1782910695290,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]],"date-time":"2019-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulty swallowing represents a major health problem. Swallowing function is improved by incorporating weak acids in suspensions\/food boluses, implicating acid\u2010sensing ion channels (ASICs) in the swallowing reflex. However, the functional involvement of ASICs in the swallowing reflex has not been fully elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We localized ASIC3s in swallowing\u2010related regions innervated by the superior laryngeal nerves (SLNs) and those in the nodose\u2010petrosal\u2010jugular ganglionic complex (NPJc) and examined their functional involvement in evoking the swallowing reflex in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We localized ASIC3s on epithelial cells and nerve fibers in swallowing\u2010related regions innervated by the SLNs. In the NPJc, around half of the SLN\u2010afferent neurons expressed ASIC3. Two\u2010thirds of ASIC3s were localized on unmyelinated neurons in the nodose and petrosal ganglia. In the jugular ganglia, they were equally distributed on unmyelinated and myelinated neurons. Topical application of a synthetic non\u2010proton ASIC3 activator, 2\u2010guanidine\u20104\u2010methylquinazoline (GMQ), and its natural endogenous ligand agmatine (a metabolite of the amino acid arginine) in swallowing\u2010related regions evoked a considerable number of swallowing reflexes. Increasing the concentration of GMQ and agmatine up to a certain concentration increased the number of evoked reflexes and shortened the interval between the evoked reflexes. Agmatine was less potent than GMQ in its ability to evoke swallowing reflexes. Prior topical application of an ASIC3 antagonist significantly attenuated the number of GMQ\u2010 and agmatine\u2010evoked swallowing reflexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acid\u2010sensing ion channel 3s localized on nerves and epithelial cells in swallowing\u2010related regions are functional in evoking the swallowing reflex and activation of these channels via a pharmacological agonist appears to improve swallowing behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T02:43:23Z","timestamp":1569897803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Functional involvement of acid\u2010sensing ion channel 3 in the swallowing reflex in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Zakir","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology School of Dentistry Matsumoto Dental University Shiojiri Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Institute for Oral Science Matsumoto Dental University Shiojiri Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumpei","family":"Unno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology School of Dentistry Matsumoto Dental University Shiojiri Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control Department of Oral Implantology Asahi 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