{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:58:11Z","timestamp":1790517491632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rikkunshito, a traditional Kampo medicine, has shown efficacy to treat functional dyspepsia (FD) in controlled trials in Japan. Its putative benefit for European patients and mechanism of action has not been established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the effect of rikkunshito on gastric motility and GI symptom perception in FD\u2010PDS patients in a randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, cross\u2010over study. After a 2\u2010week run\u2010in period, patients received rikkunshito or matching placebo (2.5\u00a0g t.i.d.) for 4\u00a0weeks, separated by a 4\u2010week washout period. Symptoms were assessed by the Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS) diary throughout the study. At baseline and after both treatment arms, intragastric pressure (IGP) was measured to evaluate gastric accommodation and gastric motility. Simultaneously, GI symptoms were scored on a 100\u00a0mm visual analogue scale. Validated symptom questionnaires (PAGI\u2010SYM, VSI, DSS, and PHQ) were completed each study visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients completed the study (33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0years, 22.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.22\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Intragastric pressure was numerically, but not significantly, lower after rikkunshito compared with baseline and placebo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.14). No differences were found in gastric accommodation, nutrient volume tolerance, and symptoms assessed during IGP measurements. Early satiation and postprandial fullness (daily diary) decreased after rikkunshito compared with baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.041 for both). Placebo also improved most other symptoms assessed. No significant changes in VSI scores occurred. No adverse reactions occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rikkunshito did not alter gastric motility. Treatment with rikkunshito improved upper GI symptoms in FD patients but similarly high placebo effects were observed using the LPDS diary, PAGI\u2010SYM, SF\u2010NDI, and DSS scores. Rikkunshito was safe and well\u2010tolerated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T07:52:48Z","timestamp":1571039568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effect of rikkunshito on gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric motor function: The first study in a Belgian functional dyspepsia population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imke","family":"Masuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieselot","family":"Holvoet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Vandenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Consultant Chaumont\u2010Gistoux Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8728-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Vanuytsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1076-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70012-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.9.1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15191"},{"issue":"113","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Rikkunshito improves the symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia, accompanied by an increase in the level of plasma ghrelin","volume":"59","author":"Arai M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPJ04056X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2453-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-8-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01676.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-9567-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32834bb951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"RasiG.Letter of support for Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS) as PRO in Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PDS). 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