{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:15:54Z","timestamp":1787015754383,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK103785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK103785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enteric nervous system (ENS) abnormalities have been implicated in delayed gastric emptying but studies exploring potential treatment options are limited by the lack of an experimental animal model. We examined the ENS abnormalities in the mouse stomach associated with aging, developed a novel model of gastroparesis, and established a new approach to measure gastric emptying.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A modified gastric emptying assay was developed, validated in nNOS\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice, and tested in mice at multiple ages. Age\u2010related changes in ENS structure were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Gastric aganglionosis was generated in\n                      <jats:italic>Wnt1\u2010iDTR<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice using focal administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) into the anterior antral wall.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older mice (&gt;5\u00a0months) exhibit hypoganglionosis in the gastric antrum and a decreased proportion of nNOS neurons as compared to younger mice (age 5\u20107\u00a0weeks). This was associated with a significant age\u2010dependent decrease in liquid and solid gastric emptying. A novel model of gastric antrum hypoganglionosis was established using neural crest\u2010specific expression of diphtheria toxin receptor. In this model, a significant reduction in liquid and solid gastric emptying is observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older mice exhibit delayed gastric emptying associated with hypoganglionosis and a reduction in nNOS\u2010expressing neurons in the antrum. The causal relationship between antral hypoganglionosis and delayed gastric emptying was verified using a novel experimental model of ENS ablation. This study provides new information regarding the pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying and provides a robust model system to study this disease and develop novel treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T23:29:36Z","timestamp":1574810976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hypoganglionosis in the gastric antrum causes delayed gastric emptying"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Corey","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhal","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Northeastern University Boston 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