{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:06:17Z","timestamp":1789578377750,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"T32 NIDDK","award":["5T32DK007056-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32DK007056-43"]}]},{"name":"Philanthropic gift-Colleen and Bob Haas"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroparesis, a chronic motility disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, remains largely unexplained. Medical therapy is limited, reflecting the complex physiology of gastric sensorimotor function. Vagus nerve stimulation is an attractive therapeutic modality for gastroparesis, but prior methods required invasive surgery<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> In this open\u2010label pilot study, we aimed to assess the benefit of non\u2010invasive vagal nerve stimulation in patients with mild to moderate idiopathic gastroparesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients self\u2010administered the gammaCore vagal nerve stimulator for 4\u00a0weeks. The gastroparesis cardinal symptom index daily diary (GCSI\u2010dd) was assessed during a two\u2010week run\u2010in period, \u22654\u00a0weeks of therapy, and 4\u00a0weeks after therapy was completed. Gastric emptying and autonomic function testing were also performed. The primary endpoint was an absolute reduction in CGSI\u2010dd of 0.75 after nVNS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a total improvement in symptom scores (2.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.76 to 1.87\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.05; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01), with 6\/15 (40%) participants meeting our primary endpoint. Therapy was associated with a reduction in gastric emptying (T<jats:sup>1\/2<\/jats:sup> 155 vs 129\u00a0minutes; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.053, CI \u22120.4 to 45). Therapy did not correct autonomic function abnormalities, but was associated with modulation of reflex parasympathetic activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Short\u2010term non\u2010invasive vagal nerve stimulation led to improved cardinal symptoms and accelerated gastric emptying in a subset of patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Responders had more severe gastric delay at baseline and clinical improvement correlated with duration of therapy, but not with improvements in gastric emptying. Larger randomized sham\u2010controlled trials of greater duration are needed to confirm the results of this pilot study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T09:38:15Z","timestamp":1575538695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Open\u2010label pilot study: Non\u2010invasive vagal nerve stimulation improves symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Gottfried\u2010Blackmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerald P.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nielsen","family":"Fernandez\u2010Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Habtezion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0038-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i24.4428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3837-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/4\/041002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Our Pipeline | electroCore.https:\/\/www.electrocore.com\/future-developments\/pipeline\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414524494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2017-100809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2001.00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"5047","article-title":"Comparison of HRV analysis methods during orthostatic challenge: HRV with respiration or without?","volume":"2007","author":"Aysin B","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"ParkmanH CamilleriM RevickiDA.User Manuel for the ANMS GCSI\u2010DD. 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