{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:02:05Z","timestamp":1790744525038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leuven University","award":["EZX-C9725-METH\/14\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EZX-C9725-METH\/14\/05"]}]},{"name":"Flanders Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex disorder, in which multiple mechanisms underlie symptom generation, including impaired duodenal barrier function. Moreover, an altered duodenal bile salt pool was recently discovered in patients with FD. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between bile salts, bacterial translocation, and duodenal mucosal permeability in FD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Duodenal biopsies from patients with FD and healthy volunteers (HV) were mounted in Ussing chambers to measure mucosal resistance and bacterial passage in the absence and presence of fluorescein\u2010conjugated\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and glyco\u2010ursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) exposure. In parallel, duodenal fluid aspirates were collected from patients and bile salts were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The transepithelial electrical resistance of duodenal biopsies from patients was lower compared with HV (21.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0\u03a9.cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. 24.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0\u03a9.cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02; N\u00a0=\u00a021). The ratio of glyco\u2010cholic and glyco\u2010chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) to tauro\u2010 and GUDCA correlated positively with transepithelial electrical resistance in patients. Glyco\u2010ursodeoxycholic acid slightly altered the mucosal resistance, resulting in similar values between patient and healthy biopsies (22.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00a0\u03a9.cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. 23.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0\u00a0\u03a9.cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.5). Bacterial passage after 120\u00a0minutes was lower for patient than for healthy biopsies (0.0 [0.0\u2010681.8] vs. 1684.0 [0.0\u20104773.0]\n                      <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      units;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02). Glyco\u2010ursodeoxycholic acid increased bacterial passage in patient biopsies (102.1 [0.0\u2010733.0] vs. 638.9 [280.6\u20102124.0]\n                      <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      units;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.009). No correlation was found between mucosal resistance and bacterial passage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with FD displayed decreased duodenal mucosal resistance associated with bile salts, however, not associated with bacterial passage in vitro. In addition, the hydrophilic bile salt glyco\u2010ursodeoxycholic acid abolished differences in mucosal resistance and bacterial passage between patient and control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T01:16:03Z","timestamp":1578532563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Relationship between bile salts, bacterial translocation, and duodenal mucosal integrity in functional dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Dorien","family":"Beeckmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of chronic diseases, metabolism and ageing (ChroMeTa) Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) KU Leuven Leuven 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